Open Source Software Solutions Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.What Important thoughts and approaches does the educating of open-source Software open to understudies 2.How Ideas and approaches could almost certainly be Employed in an understudies future Computing-centered vocation? 3.Do we accept that Universities have moral duty to advance utilization of open source programming inside Computing Industry? Answers: Presentation This report is about utilization of open-source programming for both instructing and to perform different activities of grounds wide data administrations. In prior days, enrolled programming arrangements were utilized by IT clients by buying permit for those product arrangements. It implies these product arrangements were paid. Be that as it may, after cutting edge advancement in IT division, huge improvement organizations like Sun Microsystems gave open source answers for clients. To utilize these arrangements there is just need to introduce these product into framework subsequent to downloading from web. These arrangements are liberated from cost and usually known as open source arrangements. Because of this, the interest of open source arrangements expanded and now in business associations, training area and in another improvement fields, open-source programming are habitually utilized. Open-source programming arrangements alludes to something that can be adjusted and shared by in dividuals since source code of these arrangements is freely available. Source code is a significant piece of programming that isn't obvious to clients and no one but designers can make changes in source code. Be that as it may, in open programming arrangements, source code is opened for everybody and can be adjusted by necessities. That is the reason, presently in the vast majority of the colleges overall utilization of open source programming arrangements has expanded for instructing and to perform different tasks. The reason for making this report is to talk about that what significant thoughts and approaches that instructing of open-source programming open to understudies and how these can be conceivable to utilize in an understudies future registering centered profession. Other than this, we will likewise concentrate on theme that do we accept that colleges have an ethical obligation to advance the utilization of open source programming inside registering industry (Netaction.org , 2017). Conversation As indicated by investigation, close about 90% of data frameworks have been changed to open source programming. The usually utilized open source programming arrangements by understudies and instructors are LibreOffice, Scribus, Inkspace and the Gimp. As indicated by input of Universities, in the wake of utilizing open programming arrangements, they have accomplished noteworthy vitality reserve funds over 70% on their customers and furthermore enormously decreased authorizing costs. There are some significant thoughts and approaches that are required to open to understudies while showing open source programming. 1.One of the significant and appealing methodology that need to open to understudies while showing open-source programming is to give a learning domain to open-source framework where all understudies can work together to accomplish a shared objective. It is a useful methodology of discovering that will permit understudies to produce new thoughts and information by collaborating with others and by thinking about their past encounters and new thoughts. This methodology of useful learning technique requires dynamic investment of understudies in entire network, in light of the fact that without better association of understudies with bunches who are engaged with instructing or learning of OSS, it will be hard to find out about use of open source frameworks (Engelhardt and Swaminathan, 2012). Next significant methodology need to open to understudies is the manner by which inspiration of understudies can save high for motivation behind learning open-source programming. To respond to this inquiry, it is contended that notoriety framework can likewise be viewed as significant for keeping up inspiration of understudies. As indicated by investigation, we became more acquainted with that notoriety frameworks can be utilized in an open source learning condition (Google Books, 2017). This methodology is enthused by encounters of clients of notoriety frameworks who have offered prizes to OSS. The significant utilization of notoriety model is to degree the commitment of people in online network and different other online exercises. Along these lines, this model can be applied for e-learning in setting of training in light of the fact that in instructive field, the majority of the exercises are performed on the web. Other than this, it can likewise applied in various fields of inter net business, social news and web indexes (Opensource.org, 2017). Along these lines these two methodologies are required to open to understudies in the event of showing open source frameworks. Other than these methodologies, the significant thoughts that are likewise expected to open to understudies are that open source frameworks are eventual fate of programming improvement. These open frameworks are considered as heart of Apple stages and designer apparatuses. Apple Company is driving in noteworthy commitments to many open source ventures. Accordingly, from this data, understudies can take thought that open source frameworks will be useful for understudies to improve their abilities being developed fields. In any case, for utilizing these product arrangements, legitimate information to compose source code with appropriate sentence structure is required (Gnu.org, 2017). 2.From above examined thoughts and approaches will help understudies those have figuring centered profession such that they can think about market request of open programming arrangements in advertise and what level these product arrangements are utilized by engineers and clients. As we previously examined in above section of this report open source programming arrangements are fate of advancement stage, so with this thought understudies can improve their aptitudes and information in this field. With further examination of thoughts and approaches of showing open source frameworks to understudies, it is discovered that scouts are searching for skilled fresher in open source who can work open programming arrangements like Linux, LibreOffice, Oracle, Java and other accessible open source arrangements (Google Books, 2017). Accordingly, different open doors are holding up in field of open source frameworks for understudies who have registering centered vocation. For IT mammoths like Apple , Microsoft and Google, open source programming will be a significant stage. That is the reason, while showing understudies for open source frameworks, above talked about thoughts and approaches ought to speak to them unmistakably, so they can follow those thoughts and ways to deal with make their profession in PC field. The hero colleges and schools that are training understudies for open source are Harvard, Oregon State University, Rochester Institute of Technology and secondary schools like Penn Manor in Pennsylvania (Gnu.org, 2017). 3.It is a significant subject to examine about advancement of open source programming. With the ceaseless utilization of open source programming, it is advancing itself around the world, however Open Source Initiative (OSI) has obligation to secure and advances open source programming, its turn of events, networks, supporting programming in the public eye and it is finished by OSI through training and coordinated effort Open Source Definition (OSD). Regardless of whether advancement of Open Source System is obligation of OSI, yet at the same time we do accept that it is good obligation of college to advance programming inside processing industry (Gardner, 2017). The primary concern is here is college is viewed as one of the basic methods of advancing use of open source frameworks through training. Today in IT field, different understudies need to make their profession and those understudies utilize open source programming answers for making their IT anticipates (Opensource.com, 2017) . Along these lines, they advance utilization of open source frameworks with their networks, companions and educators. It will be moral and good if colleges will bolster in advancement of use of open source programming. As we have just talked about in report that open source programming arrangements are eventual fate of IT stage and will bring bunches of chances for IT understudies. Other than this, it is lawful to utilize open source programming for making business activities or school level ventures. Thusly, with no issue, colleges can utilize open source frameworks and can advance them in registering industry and even in different enterprises where these open source programming are required to utilize (SearchEnterpriseLinux, 2017). To advancement of open source programming arrangements requires to follow a strategy and here in this report, we might want to talk about that approach (Meity.gov.in, 2017). It will be better for colleges to think about that strategy since it will support them while advancing open source programming arrangement. The principle target to plan advancement strategy of open source programming is to upgrade reuse, quality improvement, investment funds of cost and development by utilizing coordinated effort and evasion of duplication (Digitalindia.gov.in, 2017). The fundamental relevance of this approach is on programming applications, items and parts and IPR of these product applications are held by Government substance. Other than this, strategy is additionally pertinent to improvement programming applications that are created in house and in programming advancement organization (Webopedia.com, 2017). As indicated by advancement strategy, Government will attempt to acknowledge Open Source Software in all e-Governance frameworks that are executed by different government associations. As per strategy, it is a superior alternative in correlation of utilizing Closed Source Software. It is likewise referenced in advancement strategy of open source framework that it will have following attributes (Vikaspedia.in, 2017): The source code of open source framework ought to be accessible for each network, adopter and end-client, with the goal that they can adjust and consider source code, as indicated by their necessities (Noda and Tansho, 2017). The source code of Open Source Software will be liberated from any eminence. Accordingly, any product improvement organization that needs to advance its open source programming arrangements, they need to follow these strategies. The advancement of Open Source Software as per these arrangements will be viewed as lawful. End After this entire conversation we can say that Open Source Softw

6 Scientific Tips for Getting a Pay Raise

6 Scientific Tips for Getting a Pay Raise By being comfortable with a couple logically and mentally based tips, you can request that raise with no dread, even now and again when raises are not being advertised. Take a gander at What Your Position PaysIf you are being come up short on for your expected set of responsibilities, it isn't irrational to request a raise in compensation. Incorporate training and long stretches of understanding to check whether you are getting paid inside that extend. If not, possibly it’s time to request a raise.Ask for a Raise In the MorningSkip your morning meal and request your raise toward the beginning of the day. College examines show that an individual is increasingly headed to request something on the off chance that the person in question is ravenous. As indicated by one analyst, individuals are progressively good in the mornings. Notwithstanding, hold up until your manager has had his morning espresso and has experienced his morning assignments. A psychotherapist in New York recomm ends that if your supervisor is acclimated with having a beverage at lunch, hold up until afterward.What Days to Ask for a RaiseMondays are clearly out. Your supervisor is confronting work that may have accumulated throughout the end of the week and has the whole week to overcome. You are in an ideal situation requesting a raise close to the week's end when he might be anticipating the weekend.Asking Toward the Weekend May Not Work for EveryoneBusinesses that work seven days per week or where the supervisor is busiest in the first part of the day may block requesting a raise as of now. For this situation, hold up until the manager is feeling acceptable before asking, maybe after a business bargain has been brought through successfully.Statistics Give You the Good NewsAccording to measurements arranged by Payscale, 75 percent of laborers who mentioned a raise got a salary raise. While 44 percent were given the sum they requested, another 31 percent got less however were as yet allowe d a raise.What to Do if the Boss Says NoSuppose you don’t find the solution you were seeking after during your gathering with your chief. Presently is maybe an opportunity to ask what you can do to improve your work or the explanation behind the refusal. Nonetheless, remain well mannered and don't set expectations. Focus if your manager makes recommendations and do them, so whenever you request a raise you may get a positive reaction.

Various Views of Knowledge Free Essays

Information can be deciphered from various perspectives. Some may consider information to be scholarly training. Others may consider instruction to be knowledge. We will compose a custom exposition test on Different Views of Knowledge or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now None of these points of view of information are correct or wrong. Each individual is qualified for their own definition, source, and utilization of information in their lives. I see information as the astuteness and understanding that one may get after some time, by close to home encounters and impacts throughout everyday life. A large portion of the fundamental information obtained by individuals beginning at a youthful age is in school. As little youngsters, we learn basic realities, for example, our numbers and the letters in order. The more seasoned we become, the more realities we are instructed, and the more perplexing these realities become. The information one may learn in school is the thing that I consider as common information that will get individuals into the universities and employments that they may want. The individuals that are rich in instructive information are the individuals who overwhelm our economy and run our nation. Unquestionably, this is one of the more significant sorts of information there are and certainly one that we were unable to manage without, yet it isn't exactly as significant as a portion of the others. Training is fundamental throughout everyday life, except simple realities can't help in the answer for all issues. Another wellspring of information is diversion, for example, in TV, motion pictures, books, or even music. Particular kinds of diversion can even be training. For instance, network shows, for example, â€Å"20/20† or â€Å"DateLine† are both enlightening shows, yet intriguing enough to engage the general population. Diversion can be dubious, however. The media can persuade us, even program us, to accept certain realities that may not be exact. The network shows we watch and the music that we tune in to are colossal day by day effects on our lives. They help shape the manner in which we think, what we know, and what we feel. We follow the patterns that TV lets us know are â€Å"in† and express the things that everybody says. We will in general attempt to show ourselves after the individuals on the big screen. The gigantic effect that the media and media outlet has on the general population develops day by day with expanding innovation. The web is one of the more current wellsprings of both training and amusement. It is additionally genuinely unsafe. Numerous things that are prohibited from TV and motion pictures are effectively available on the World Wide Web, to everybody, including youngsters. The connections that we have with individuals, regardless of whether it is collaborators, family, or companions, straightforwardly impact us with each cooperation. In the work environment, the individuals that one may work with influence our work propensities. On the off chance that an individual works in an occupied, quick paced office, he will be utilized to that kind of way of life. Yet, in the event that that equivalent individual were to move to a moderate paced, sluggish office, he would feel inefficient and languid. At home, the individuals that we live with, our family, are our first instructors. Home is the place we get familiar with the ethics and qualities that we, as grown-ups, give to our kids. Our habits and decorum that are found out at home are what we bring into the outside world and depict to other people. The information and understanding that we get from our relatives are rarely overlooked and remain in our souls and brains for a lifetime. I accept that the connections one has with companions and sweethearts are significant in molding a person†s contemplations and activities. These are the individuals that we go to in all sorts of challenges, inconveniences and delights. They are the ones we go to for guidance and consolment. They are the ones that are with us in troublesome circumstances. For instance, if there is a gathering of companions and a couple of begin smoking, it is high likely for every one of them to start smoking. Kid/Girlfriends, in any case, are an alternate, increasingly close kind of impact. Actually, every person that I have ever dated has transformed me here and there, regardless of whether it is critical or not. Through the various encounters and feelings one may feel through falling all through affection, one learns probably the most significant exercises of life. Just from beginning to look all starry eyed without a moment's delay, one can adapt such a large number of things through slip-up s and great decisions. Love is knowing. My dad is a very educated individual. He may not be taught with certificates and degrees, however he is instructed with understanding. His is a more profound information that goes past the outside surface of individuals and into their essences. My dad never passed secondary school instruction. The information that he has obtained throughout the years has been simply from his very own undertakings. I supplemented him on his insight and he reacted with this (in Korean): â€Å"I never thought I was brilliant. I abhorred school and consistently pulled pranks on individual understudies and my instructors. I was a class comedian. In any case, as I developed more established, I wanted that I had given more consideration in my classes. It†s such a waste.† My dad is an ideal case of astuteness without scholarly greatness. Don†t misunderstand me. He is an exceptionally savvy and smart man. His insight simply was not learned by the books. â€Å"I†ve had a hard life. I think I have. There have been such a large number of difficult situations. Things consistently turn out badly. Be that as it may, when something turns out badly, at any rate you take in and can shield it from happening once more. I†m shrewd. With mature age comes shrewdness, you know? With each easily overlooked detail that occurs in your life, you learn. For whatever length of time that you continue learning, you†re okay.† I accept that information is a blessing. It is something that one can never have enough of. It is exceptional and diverse in it†s own way in each person. There is no terrible or pointless information. Each sort of information has esteem, regardless of whether the information is about math, vehicles, or even garbage. Each bit of information that we obtain make us into the individuals that we are. Information is gained through sights and sounds, however sentiments and feelings. It is the way to life. As it's been said, â€Å"knowledge is power.† Step by step instructions to refer to Various Views of Knowledge, Papers

The Life of Mary Shelley Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

The Life of Mary Shelley Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley was conceived in 1791 in London. She is the little girl of Mary Wollstonecraft and William Goodwin. Wollstonecraft was an extreme women's activist essayist, and Goodwin was an author just as a thinker. It was said that this present couple's joined mind was risky to society; in any case, days after Mary's introduction to the world, Wollstonecraft kicked the bucket because of intricacies from the pregnancy. Mary invested a great deal of energy visiting her mom's grave when she was growing up. Her dad showed her how to spell her mom's name by having her follow the letters on the tombstone with her fingers, a fascinating yet dismal approach to train a multi year old how to spell. Goodwin raised Mary without anyone else for the early piece of her life. At the point when Mary was four, he wedded Mary Jane Clairmont, who additionally had kids from a past marriage. Mary never completely acknowledged the stepfamily; she generally felt like an outcast. A significant number of her sentiments of dejection and yearning to realize her mom are issues that are predominant in the novel Frankenstein. These issues are practically equivalent to the quest that the beast had for his maker. During Mary's high school years, Goodwin possessed a distributing organization, so the Goodwin family unit was loaded up with well known creators and scholarly people. Coleridge was known to visit the house regularly. On one event he read the as of late finished The Rime Of the Ancient Mariner in their family room, while Mary kept awake beyond late to tune in. Percy Bysshe Shelley likewise went to the house all the time to look for information from Goodwin, who was one of his coaches. Mary became partial to him, and they started their romance when she was just fifteen and he was twenty. At the point when Mary was sixteen she ran off to Europe with Percy, a... ... it has on the ghastliness/sci-fi essayists today. Works Cited and Consulted 1. Caprio, Terry. ( Accessed 23 Oct 00) http://loki.stockton.edu/~stk13818/mary.htm 2. Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus Home. U.S. National Library of Medicine. (Last Mod 28 Jan 00) ( Accessed 12 Oct 00) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/frankenstein/frank_birth.html 3. Hamberg, Cynthia. My Hideous Progeny: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. ( Last Mod/1999/2000(c)). Yippee. ( Accessed 15 Oct 00).http://srd.yahoo.com/drst/27147033/*http://home-1.worldonline.nl/~hamberg/ 4. Mary Shelley and Frankenstein. ( Last Mod 11 Jan 00). (Gotten to 10 Oct 00). http://www.desert-fairy.com/life.shtml 5. Peanutpress.com: Mary Shelley. Peanutpress.com: A Division of Net Library (Accessed 5 Oct 00). http://www.peanutpress.com/author.cgi/1567/05951560-58839-8414692824

Forrest, Nathan Bedford

Forrest, Nathan Bedford Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 1821â€"77, Confederate general, b. Bedford co., Tenn. (his birthplace is now in Marshall co.). At the beginning of the Civil War, Forrest, a wealthy citizen of Memphis, organized a cavalry force, which he led at Fort Donelson (Feb., 1862) and Shiloh (April). He assumed command of a cavalry brigade in the Army of Tennessee (June) and in July captured a large Union garrison at Murfreesboro. He was made a brigadier general. With a newly recruited command he effectively cut Grant's communications in a raid through W Tennessee (Dec., 1862). After foiling a Union attempt to cut the railroad between Chattanooga and Atlanta (May, 1863), Forrest participated in the Chattanooga campaign until trouble with Braxton Bragg led him to accept a command in N Mississippi. He was promoted to major general (Dec., 1863); captured Fort Pillow (Apr., 1864); defeated a superior force at Brices Cross Roads, Miss. (June); and held Gen. Andrew Jackson Smith to a drawn battle at Tupe lo, Miss. (July). These Union failures against Forrest caused Sherman, then advancing on Atlanta, much concern for his communications. Forrest commanded all the cavalry under John Bell Hood in that general's Tennessee campaign (Nov.â€"Dec., 1864) and was promoted to lieutenant general (Feb., 1865). He surrendered shortly after his defeat at Selma, Ala., in April. After the war he engaged for a time in railroading and also was important in the activities of the Ku Klux Klan . Forrest, probably the greatest Confederate cavalryman, is one of the most interesting figures of the war. See biographies by J. A. Wyeth (1899, repr. 1959), E. W. Sheppard (1930), R. S. Henry (1944), and A. N. Lytle (rev. ed. 1960). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

August SAT Centers. Overpacking for Summer.

Demand and Supply For well over a decade, College Board has considered making a summer SAT a reality. The rise in EA/ED applications has increased the demand among students for testing (usually re-testing) that can be completed in plenty of time for early deadlines. ACT’s increasing prominence and its senior-friendly September date have clearly rankled the College Board. The problem with summer testing has never been in the concept but in the execution. Test centers depend on the kindness of host high schools for space, testing supervisors, and a ready source of available proctors. The incentives clearly grew large enough for College Board to solve these issues (perhaps). By setting the test date as close to possible to Labor Day, College Board clearly assumed that a sufficient number of schools would be coming back online after summer break. It even felt confident enough to offer Subject Tests in August, as well. Rising seniors rejoiced. Last week (the end of April 2017), College Board went live with 2017-2018 SAT registration, and we could finally see where the August SAT would be offered. The results are a mixed bag. We have compiled data for the most populous states and metropolitan areas. For the top 12 states, we’ve plotted every center available in August and, for comparison, May 2017, June 2017, and October 2017. Traditionally, October has the largest number of centers (testing volume grows throughout the calendar year and crests in Oct/Nov.). Mapping Thousands of Centers We’ve converted the center data into interactive maps. You can zoom into a county or zoom out to the country (keep in mind, we’ve only uploaded data for 12 states). Toggle among test dates to see how the map changes. If you are in the New York / New Jersey area, you may want to first clear your desk of any breakables. The data is based on the list of centers and is not a live update of centers marked as full. Students can use the maps as a helpful way of visualizing centers in their area, but they should immediately go to collegeboard.org for the latest information. Only during the registration process are full centers identified. The maps use the Tableau data service, which is sometimes finicky. You can try reloading the page.  If the interactive maps are unavailable, you can open these images to compare NY/NJ  center availability in October to availability in August. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1493708811227'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.width='904px';vizElement.style.height='869px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); If you can register here, you can register anywhere. New York and New Jersey students will have the hardest time scheduling summer testing. New York loses 80% of the centers it had open in June. New Jersey loses more than 60%. In terms of NYC proper, Manhattan has only 3 centers, and 1 is listed as full a few days after the SAT registration site went live. Thats nothing compared to Brooklyn, however, which has a single center in August versus more than a dozen for most test dates. The cruelest cut is that the center is already full. Students throughout the greater New York City area will be unable to take the August test or face lengthy commutes. The story is similar in upstate New York, with large swaths of white for August. [To be fair, ACT will avoid the entire state of New York when it introduces its July test in 2018 and already makes the February administration unavailable to students in the Empire State. This policy ties to New Yorks test-takers rights legislation.] Michigan gets no respect from its new partner. Michigan has long been an ACT state, but College Board recently wrested away control of state-funded testing. Every student in Michigan participates in a School Day SAT in the spring. Despite the SATs inroads into Michigan, the state  still has the lowest number of centers among the top 12. And it loses 60% of that number on the August date. There will be  only 21 centers in the entire state. Michigan students hoping to retake the SAT after the state-funded spring testing may  find  limited options  if they sign up early, and no options if they sign up late.  If the interactive maps are unavailable, you can open these images to compare MI  center availability in October to availability in August. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1493714349508'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.width='904px';vizElement.style.height='869px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); Avoiding the summer safari. California falls in the middle of this group of states. It has one-third fewer centers available in August as in June or October. The San Francisco/San Jose area and the greater Los Angeles area lose roughly the same percentage of centers. Los Angeles has twice as many centers on most dates, but the areas are close to proportional once population is factored in. What is interesting about the Bay Area, though, is the number of centers already at capacity for June. As of April 30, about one-third (23 of 71) centers had no seats available for SAT w/Essay testers. No major metropolitan area came close to that level of early sellouts. Students should be making test plans soon and registering for summer or fall dates. If the interactive maps are unavailable, you can open these images to compare  CA center availability in October to availability in August. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1493713878690'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.width='904px';vizElement.style.height='869px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); Comparing cities, not just states. By going through the registration process dozens of times, Compass was also able to look at the top dozen metropolitan areas. Some areas, such as Atlanta, will actually see more August centers than they saw in June. A key unknown is how popular August will prove. If it is closer to June than to October, then there will be fewer capacity constraints. Many of the areas will be impacted, however, if students flock to the new date. Because this is the first year for August and many students are not aware of the date, we think that it will be smaller than October. That same lack of awareness, we fear, is why many students will try to register at the last minute. The metropolitan areas below are ordered by the total number of test centers in  the June October period. My colleague Bruce Reed discusses why August is an ideal date for rising Seniors to test without the added stress of homework assignments. It also aligns well with the completion of summer preparation — whether done independently or with a class or tutor. Having August and October testing dates available allows for more flexibility when thinking about repeating Subject Tests or the SAT. August provides plenty of time to receive, review, and report scores before EA/ED applications. Students good intentions can easily fall apart, though, if no seats are available by the time they register for the SAT. Commuting to a far off center means not just allowing for added drive time, it means unfamiliar parking or drop-off locations, queueing areas, and even bathroom locations. Decreased sleep and increased anxiety is a bad recipe for SAT success. Critics of year-round testing may bemoan the August SAT, but College Board should be commended for making another option available to students. While it scrapped the January SAT in the process, the trade-off was worthwhile. College Board  still has work to do for 2018 to  improve upon its initial efforts.  Regularly turning away students counting  on the August SAT or Subject Tests  will sour any goodwill generated by the new date.

Analyzing The Video Clip ( S ) Essay - 1483 Words

1. Which lesson or lessons are shown in the video clip(s)? Identify the lesson(s) by lesson plan number. [ EdTPA Lesson plans 1 and 2 are shown in the video clips.] 2. Promoting a Positive Learning Environment Refer to scenes in the video clip(s) where you provided a safe, respectful, and organized learning environment. a. Describe how you provided a positive, low-risk emotionally and physically safe environment. [ I promote a positive, low-risk and emotionally and physically safe environment in many ways. The students know the classroom daily expectations, the schools rules, and my personal rules that I have added sense teaching their class, which in some ways differ from my cooperating teachers rules. I do not allow students to chew gum during class and the students are not to climb the bleachers to get equipment that has been thrown up their. I expect students to use appropriate language and treat others how they would like to be treated. When a student feels he or she was emotionally or physically hurt they come and report it to me. I then talk to the student(s) invoiced and help them sort it out. During the soccer lessons, in my expiation of the stations as well as on some of my station cue cards it has warnings about potential dangerous situation that may occur, such as flaying soccer balls, trip over cones, crashing into someone who is running. I found with these warning verball y being said and written down the environment stayed organized and safe. ] b.Show MoreRelatedDisney s Overall Social Media Strategy970 Words   |  4 Pagesto a wide variety of audience members. Disney’s view with their social media is that their fans can interact with their many characters and role models on any platform. Disney has 1000’s of social media webpages due to the nature of the scope of their company. 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Almost every business has been able to increase its sales and marketing via internet and mobile devices, as well as are expanding and promoting their products services with the help of effective multimedia techniques. â€Å"With the help of multimedia, including mobile marketing, internet marketing, photo, video, file sharing, live casting, and podcastingRead MoreCourse Activity : A Case Study Of Students1088 Words   |  5 Pagesactively using the LMS on Tuesday, Saturday and Sunday, which the Course Activity Overview has shown. Uniquely, the students are engaging in the e-Activities, but it is low in the numbers of hours spent during the weeks. Analysis By analyzing data in the students’ LMS activity, Stakeholders can examine patterns in the students’ interactions with the course learning assets and their relationship to the LMS success. For example, the average students spend on the LMS is 6.67 hours. TheyRead MoreOverview Of A Case Study1054 Words   |  5 Pagesthese students was actively using the LMS on Tuesday, Saturday and Sunday which the Course Activity Overview has shown. Uniquely, the students are engaging in the e-Activities, but it is low in the numbers of hours spent during the weeks. By analyzing data in the students’ LMS activity, Stakeholders can examine patterns in the students’ interactions with the course learning assets and their relationship to the LMS success. For example, the average students spend on the LMS is 6.67 hours. TheyRead MoreI Will Provide As Much Feedback1562 Words   |  7 Pagessources: 1. Use video clips from Task 2 and provide time-stamp references for language use. 2. Submit an additional video file named â€Å"Language Use† of no more than 5 minutes in length and provide time-stamp references for student language use (this can be footage of one or more students’ language use). Submit the clip in Task 3, Part B. 3. Use the student work samples analyzed in Task 3 and cite language use. When responding to the prompt below, use concrete examples from the clips (using time-stampRead MoreThe World s First Dna Testing900 Words   |  4 Pagesyou ve seen viral videos of science fiction style products that has the world all ears about them. There are also those other inventions where we just want to yank the plug on all the buzz. However, over the past couple of years, we ve seen nothing short of smart-buzz worthy inventions that has us wanting to throw all our money at these inventors. Below, I ve compiled a list of five innovative yet underrated inventions of the 2010s -- so far. 5. Biomeme: The World s First DNA Testing AppRead MoreLessons From The Video Clip ( S ) Essay1888 Words   |  8 PagesWhich lesson or lessons are shown in the video clip(s)? Identify the lesson(s) by lesson plan number. [ EdTPA Lesson plans 1 and 2 are shown in the video clips.] 2. Promoting a Positive Learning Environment Refer to scenes in the video clip(s) where you provided a safe, respectful, and organized learning environment. a. Describe how you provided a positive, low-risk emotionally and physically safe environment. [ I promote a positive, low-risk and emotionally and physically safe environment in manyRead MorePersonal Statement : The Discipline Of Teams By Jon R. Anderson And Douglas K. Smith s The1029 Words   |  5 PagesRecitation Leadership Essay Planning lessons and teaching them to others is an important skill to have no matter where one works. Teamwork is also an important skill to have in life. During this recitation project, my teammates and I led the class in analyzing and reviewing material from the assigned readings and lecture notes. While at first this task seemed daunting, I believe my teammates and I rose to the occasion by correctly implementing material and working cooperatively as a team as outlined in

Extracting Natural Gas From Shale Formations - 1854 Words

Natural gas produced from shale formations has become important in the energy supply market for the United States. Extracting natural gas from shale reserves was not considered feasible until recently because of low permeability of the shale rock formations. New developments in hydraulic fracturing technology have led to a boom in domestic shale gas production. The United States has experienced economic benefits through revenue and job creation in predominantly rural areas while increasing the energy security of the U.S. by decreasing dependence on foreign oil supplies. However, the resounding question remains: at what cost? Hydraulic fracturing, or â€Å"fracking,† is a process used to extract natural gas from deep shale reserves 5,000-8,000 feet below the ground surface. This process allows energy companies to access previously unavailable energy sources in states that have deep oil and gas reserves. The fracking process involves pumping a mixture of water, chemicals and sand at high pressure into a well, which fractures the surrounding rock formation and props open passages that allow natural gas to freely flow from rock fractures to the production well. Once the well is developed, the carrying fluid can then flow back to the ground surface along with the gas. Shale gas has become embroiled in controversy over alleged impacts on public health and the environment. Some segments of the public have become deeply suspicious of the veracity and motives of gas companies. TheseShow MoreRelatedExtracting Natural Gas From Shale And Other Rock Formation1465 Words   |  6 Pagesimproving the ability of extracting natural gas from shale and other rock formation. The popularity of hydraulic fracturing remains leading in the direction of new venture opportunities and increasing growth for the natural gas and oil production industry. With the development, comes risk and scrutiny. According to Robert W. Howarth and Anthony Ingraffea natural gas extracted from shale comes at too great a cost to the environment, and must be illegal. Natural gas from shale remains vastly proposedRead MoreA Brief Note On Shale Gas And Natural Gas1745 Words   |  7 PagesShale gas is a natural gas that can be extracted from the fabric of shale rocks by means of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. There is controversy surrounding this extraction process, as in the process of building facilities in which gases are extracted, people are made aware of the hazards that are involved both with building the site of extraction and with extracting the gas itself. This essay aims to assess the extent to which these hazards can affect those residing in Lancashire. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Importance of a Secure Energy Supply for the Future826 Words   |  3 Pagesby energy sources from one form or anther. Petroleum, coal and natural gas are the most produced and used energy sources. Mining technologies are required to obtain the raw materials of these energy sources from nature. The energy crisis is due to the limited amount of the natural storages of the energy resources. A higher production rate of the raw materials is desired so that more resources can be extracted to meet the demand. There have been conventional technologies for gas drilling for overRead MoreNo Fracking in California820 Words   |  3 Pages No Fracking In California How does California get its natural gas? Well California gets its natural gas by a process known as fracking. Fracking is the process of extracting natural gas from shale rock layers deep within Earth’s ground. Fracking is also known as hydraulic fracturing which releases high pressured liquid into the ground to withdraw oil or gas. Fracking makes it possible for the Earth’s commercial, residential, and industrial uses to help people live a better life. For Example,Read MoreShell Fracking1615 Words   |  7 Pagescalled, is a global company which seeks to be the leader in the gas and oil industry. Founded in 1907, Shell’s mission is to deliver the best value to its shareholders, while helping to meet energy demands all around the world. In addition to its role as an energy company, Shell strives to drive innovative ideas and to create technology solutions. One of these innovative ideas is known as â€Å"fracking†. Gaining financial information from Sh ell as it relates to the profits and losses due to fracking isRead MoreFracking : Its Impact On The United States931 Words   |  4 Pagesdrilling technique known as fracking. Fracking is an unconventional drilling process that is accomplished by using high-pressured water to release oil and natural gas from rock formations, known as shales. The use of fracking in the United States has made it one of the top oil producing countries in the world. However, this newfound oil and gas drilling method has not come without its costs. Despite the economic boom near drilling locations, politically, fracking has caused some international relationshipsRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing : A Common And Widespread Technique1637 Words   |  7 PagesHydraulic fracturing has become a very common and widespread technique, especially in North America, due to technological advances that have allowed extracting natural gas from so-called unconventional reservoirs (tight sands, coal beds and shale formations). The socalled high volume hydraulic fracturing (with treatments typically an order of magnitude larger than the conventional fracturing procedures) began in 1968. This was complemented by horizontal drilling since the late 1980s, and the useRead MoreCritical Analysis of Fracking1054 Words   |  5 Pagesalternative source of energy. Question Can the natural gas deposits in the Marcellus Formation, extracted through fracking, be the solution to the United States’ energy problem? Purpose The purpose of this analysis is to examine the process of extracting natural gas in shale deposits—Horizontal High Volume Slickwater Hydraulic Fracturing, or â€Å"Fracking†Ã¢â‚¬â€and determine the long-term viability of this process. Information †¢ The Marcellus Formation is a region of marine sedimentary rock that stretchesRead MoreWhat is Hydraulic Fracking?1027 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Hydro-fracking† is a controversial technique on extracting oil and shale gas from the Earth’s surface. This technique was developed in the late 1940’s to access fossil energy by drilling down the Earth. The process of Hydrofracking is explicit due to the controversial manner in which it is done. Vertical well bores are drilled thousands of metres into the earth, through sediment layers, the water table, and shale rock formations in order to reach the oil and gas. The drilling is then angled horizontallyRead MoreThe Oil And Natural Gas Industries1686 Words   |  7 Pages Around the globe, the oil and natural gas industries are a major part of stable and growing economies, as well as, the individual lives of most people. As individuals we use it to run our vehicles, heat our homes, cook, and much more. Economi es, on the other hand, rely on the oil and natural gas industries for the jobs they create, the product they supply, and the added value created by government revenues. In 2011, these industries in the United States made up 5.6 percent of the nation’s total

Devolution of Local Government in the Philippines

DECENTRALIZATION AND DEMOCRATIZATION In the later part of the 20th Century there has been a dramatic shift in the manner governments around the world managed their states. Instead of having a centralized form of government, most nation nation-state now somehow adopts the idea of shifting some of the national or central powers to the local government units. This shifting of powers is called Decentralization. Decentralization is the transfer of planning, decision making, or administrative authority from the central government to its field organizations, local governments, and nongovernmental organizations as defined by Rondinellei and Cheema. According to de Guzman and Padilla, decentralization is the dispersal of authority and†¦show more content†¦It is also called as â€Å"political decentralization and involves the transfer of power, responsibility and resources for the performance of certain functions from the national to the local governments†[9]. Its fundamental characteristics are: a. Local govern ment units (LGU’s) are autonomous, independent and clearly perceived as a separate level of government over which central authorities exercise little or no direct control. b. LGU’s have clear and legally recognized geographical boundaries within which they exercise authority and perform public functions. c. LGU’s have corporate status and have the power to secure resources to perform the function. Lastly, d. Devolution implies the needs to develop local governments as institutions. This is an arrangement in which there is reciprocal relationship between central and local governments. The LGU’s has the ability to interact reciprocally with other units in the system of government of which it is part. Lastly, Nongovernmental Organizations (NGO) and Community Organizations is used to â€Å"decongest the government by mobilizing the NGOs and COs for planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of government programs which will make government actions more responsive to the needs and demands of those who truly deserve government assistance and may minimize graft and corruption while injecting cause-orientedness in the bureaucracy†[10] There are mixed motives and causes of the shift toShow MoreRelatedThe Philippines : A Great Biodiversity1318 Words   |  6 PagesBACKGROUND The Philippines is an archipelago with 7,107 islands located in the Southeast Asian region with a landmass of 343 283 square kilometres. It is divided into three main island groups – Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Furthermore, it is then divided into 17 regions. It is incredibly disaster prone because of its location in the equator. It is in both the typhoon belt in the Western Pacific and the Ring of Fire. This means that the Philippines has an average of twenty typhoons each year duringRead MoreThe Philippines : An Archipelago1842 Words   |  8 PagesBackground The Philippines is an archipelago with 7,107 islands located in the Southeast Asian region with a landmass of 343 283 square kilometres. It is incredibly disaster prone because of its location in the equator. It is in both the typhoon belt in the Western Pacific and the Ring of Fire. This means that the Philippines has an average of twenty typhoons each year during the rainy seasons not only is it extremely prone to typhoons and flooding, it also experiences frequent volcanic eruptionsRead MoreHealth Development Of The Philippines Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment efforts in the Philippines have aimed to address the problem of inequity for almost four decades. The implementation of Primary health Care in 1979 resulted in some progress in basic delivery of healthcare services for the poor Access to health care services in the Philippines is limited by financial and social barrier. There are widespread disparities of coverage rates for many public health programs. In basic program like child immunization, 70% of local government units have coverage rateRead MoreEnvironmental Issue in the Philippines2021 Words   |  9 PagesConclusion : Environmental Issues in the Philippines The Philippines is prone to natural disasters, particularly typhoons, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis, lying as it does astride the typhoon belt, in the active volcanic region known as the Pacific Ring of Fire, and in the geologically unstable region between the Pacific and Eurasian tectonic plates. The Philippines also suffers major human-caused environmental degradation aggravated by a high annualRead MoreFederalism in the Philippines (Affirmative Side for Debate)2433 Words   |  10 Pages PROF. SADORA Dearly beloved citizens of the Pearl of the Orient: Today we are gathered under one flag as citizens seeking for truth, transparency and justice in every side of our government. We are now in the new regime, waiting for him on how he will lead us on the right path towards better Philippines – for the enhancement of every filipinos’ life. It is faithfully pray to the Lord, that He may shower conscience to the citizens of this nation – to do their part for the betterment of ourRead MoreTrends Issues and Policies in Philippine Education 15257 Words   |  22 PagesTrends, Issues and Policies in Philippine Education System The Philippine Education System at a Glance The Philippine education system can be described as a dynamic one. It has undergone several stages of development from the pre-Spanish era to the present. Dating back at the pre-Magellanic period, the Philippine education was informal, unstructured and without method. Learning was more experimental than theoretical. During the Spanish era, education was done by missionaries for the eliteRead MoreFactors That Caused the 1997 East Asian Financial Crisis1604 Words   |  6 Pagescertain shifts in expectations from the market. The regional contagion and confidence led to the East Asian financial turmoil. In 1990s, it had been reported that the microeconomic and macroeconomic businesses were not performing as expected. The local and international investors had not held enough grips into the looming financial challenges to be expected by the financial fragments. These investors panicked and participated in fraudulent and faulty approaches and policies of operation in the marketRead MoreLocal Fiscal Autonomy of Barangays Under the 1991 Local Government Code: a Case Study on Its Effects in the Governance of Selected Barangays in the Municipality of Atimonan14553 Words   |  59 PagesLOCAL  FISCAL  AUTONOMY  OF  BARANGAYS  UNDER  THE  1991  LOCAL   GOVERNMENT  CODE:   A  CASE  STUDY  ON  ITS  EFFECTS  IN  THE  GOVERNANCE  OF  SELECTED   BARANGAYS  IN  THE  MUNICIPALITY  OF  ATIMONAN                        An  Undergraduate  Thesis   Presented  to  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences   Manuel  S.  Enverga  University  Foundation   Lucena  City                        In  Partial  Fulfillment   of  the  Requirements  for  the  Degree   Bachelor  of  Science  in  Public  Administration                        by      JOHN  FRANCIS  LOSLOSO  LUZANO                     March  2008  Read MoreEffectiveness the Implementation of Peace and Order Ordinance at Barangayn7685 Words   |  31 PagesJOAAG, Vol. 4. No.2 Enhancing Governance of the Barangay: Reflections of Academics  Ã‚   Jimmy T. Masagca 1  Ã‚   Manrico T. Masagca 2 M. Chunxiang 3 Abstract This paper presents the insights of selected academics on local governance of the Barangay, the basic political unit (BPU) in the Philippines. Participants were pre†selected and their representations were determined using the ethnographic technique with the property of conversation (pakikipagkwentuhan). This inquiry notes that good governance of BPURead MoreEconomic reforms in Pakistan3052 Words   |  13 Pagessuch as energy and infrastructure, keeping inflation under control and maintaining exchange rate stability. The second component requires governance reforms in the structure, processes and human resource policies of the Federal , Provincial and Local governments, taxation and tariff reforms, removing microeconomic distortions such as issuing selective Statutory Regulatory Orders (SROs) for specific firms, liberalizing and deregulating goods and factor markets, strengthening regulatory architecture, promoting

The Uneasily Defined Organizational Structure of Apple Essay

The Uneasily Defined Organizational Structure of Apple Anna Windust MGT/230 January 20, 2013 Christi Monk The Uneasily Defined Organizational Structure of Apple Organizational structures have been used for centuries to help people within organizations to understand who holds authoritative roles and how it is ordered, who has certain responsibilities and how they are organized and executed, and how communication flows between the tiers of management (â€Å"BusinessDictionary,† 2013). There are many types of organizational structures; the common ones are functional, divisional, and matrix organizational structures. Apple is a company in which the organizational structure is somewhat of a mystery; therefore, it is a very interesting†¦show more content†¦It was rare that any employee would not have a clear understanding of what Job’s direction was going and what his objectives of any given week were. There was such a personal connection to the CEO that employees at all levels generally believed they were an instrumental and working part of the organization. Jobs wanted the very best person in each specific job; therefore, employees were held accountable for their own positions. Lashinsky (2011) noted the odd culture and organizational structure of Apple: To Apples legion of admirers, the company is like a tech version of Wonkas factory, an enigmatic but enchanted place that produces wonderful items they cant get enough of. That characterization is true, but Apple also is a brutal and unforgiving place, where accountability is strictly enforced, decisions are swift, and communication is articulated clearly from the top. (para. 3) The organizational structure at Apple would make most people uneasy, yet surprisingly the employee turn-over is quite low. Employees have a good understanding of what the company wants to achieve, believes in the products that they are creating, and wants the company to succeed. These beliefs have helped employees to meet the organizational goals of Apple, making it one of the most successful companies in the United States. Apple has a reputation for providing top-quality customer service. Employees are required to have a

The Garden Party Free Essays

The Garden Party is written by Katherine Mansfield, a New Zealand prominent modernist writer of short fiction. Set in colonial New Zealand, â€Å"The Garden Party† falls into two clearly differentiated parts. For the major characters, Laura Sheridan, Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Garden Party or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sheridan, Meg Sheridan, Jose Sheridan and Laurie Sheridan are considered by because they appeared in the story quite often. And for the minor characters, they are mostly the workers and helpers in the party, except for Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Scott. From this short story, we have encountered some literary theories. First theory that we have analysed is cultural theory. â€Å"The Garden Party† is a story about the differences between the upper class and the lower class lives. The Sheridan family represents the upper class while the Scotts represent the lower class. Mansfield gives certain importance for many words by repeating them persistently, especially hats, lilies, flowers, all those are symbols of wealth and superiority, in connection to the Sheridans. The Sheridan’s life appears more comfortable even when Mansfield is talking about them she uses only positive images, pleasure, flowers, songs, even in the house is highly organized. While talking about the Scotts and their class, only images of dark, ugliness, sorrow, disorder, and chaos came to our minds. Psychoanalysis theory is also one of the theories that we have encountered in this short story. â€Å"The Garden Party† traces the psychological and moral growth of Laura Sheridan. The story presents her adolescent confusion regarding the social values of her family and her awakening to a more mature perception of reality after her exposure to poverty and death at the carter’s cottage. The third theory will be likely criticism theory. Most criticism of Katherine Mansfield’s short story â€Å"The Garden Party† concentrates on the story as a story of the growth and maturity of a young idealistic character. For example, see Laura’s initiation as a passage from the â€Å"dream world of her parents and social class to the real world of the Sheridan’s neighbouring working-class. This also describes the symbolic significance of the garden party, â€Å"The garden party epitomizes the dream world of the Sheridan women, a world whose underlying principle is the editing and rearranging of reality for the comfort. Throughout this short story, we have also analysed a few themes. For the overall theme and sub-themes from this story, †Å"The Garden Party†, the major theme is growth. Laura’s mother summons Laura to supervise the workmen who come to set up the marquee for the garden party, she intends to leave everything to her children as a way to make them independent. When Laura suggests placing the marquee on the lily lawn, a workman rejects the idea, saying that she should the marquee â€Å"where it’ll give you a bang slap in the eye. † Laura then wonders whether it is respectful of a laborer to speak to a girl of her upbringing in the crude language of the common people. However, Laura ends up approving of the men even though they are the ones who choose the location for the marquee–against the karaka trees. Thus, though failing to supervise the men with authority, Laura learns to overlook class distinctions in dealing with the outside world. The another theme will be the contrast between life and death. The Sheridan’s garden is a place of thoughtless pleasure and burgeoning energy, where young people resemble brilliant butterflies and arum lilies bloom with an almost frightening vitality. In contrast, the home of the dead carter is dark and oppressive, guarded by an aged crone and surrounded by a shadowy crowd. Mansfield deliberately exaggerates the difference between these two locations in order to emphasize her theme. That life and death are part of the same continuum is suggested by the temporal structure of the story, which begins at dawn and ends in a gathering dusk. As many critics have noted, Laura’s journey to visit the bereaved family has strong mythic overtones and resembles the tale of Proserpina, a goddess who was abducted by Hades into the underworld. Laura’s moment of epiphany testifies to a kind of knowledge unavailable in the sunny world of the garden party. In this way, her journey also has the quality of an initiation rite, in which a naive young girl achieves emotional and moral maturity. Last but not least, we realized that this short story is focused on third person point of view. It is because the narrator withholds information in favor of limiting what she says to what Laura thinks and experiences. Besides, she generally does not understand the incident of what she undergoes that day, at least not until the very end, when she says â€Å"isn’t life, isn’t life? † only for her brother to interrupt her, misinterpret her, and silence the knowledge about death she had just obtained from visiting the cottage of the man who had died. How to cite The Garden Party, Essay examples

Chapter XIII Of ceremonies in the enterview of kings Essay Example For Students

Chapter XIII: Of ceremonies in the enterview of kings   Essay HERE is no subject so vaine, that deserveth not a place in this rapsodie. It were a notable discourtesie unto our common rules, both towards an equa ll, but more toward a great person, not to meete with you in your house, if he have once warned you that he will come: And Margaret Queene of Navarre, was wont to say to this purpose, That it was a kinde of incivilitie in a gentleman, to depart from his house, as the fashion is, to meet with him that is comming to him, how worthy soever he be: and that it more agreeth with civilitie and respect, to stay for him at home, and there to entertain him: except it were for feare the stranger should misse his way: and that it sufficeth to companie and wait upon him, when he is going away again. As for me, I oftentimes forget these vaine offices; as one that endevoureth to abolish all maner of ceremonies in my house. Some will bee offended at it, what can I doe withall? I had rather offend a stranger once, than my selfe everie day; for it were a continuall subjection. To what end doe men avoid the servitude of Courts, and entertaine the same in their owne houses? Moreover it is a common rule in all assemblies, that hee who is the meaner man, commeth first to the place appointed, forsomuch as it belongs to the better man to be staid-for and waited upon by the other. Neverthelesse we saw that at the enterview, prepared at Merceilles betweene Pope Clement the seventh, and Francis the first, King of France, the King having appointed all necessarie preparation, went him-selfe out of the Towne, and gave the Pope two or three dayes leasure, to make his entrie into it, and to refresh himselfe, before he would come to meet him there. Likewise at the meeting of the said Pope with the Emperour at Bologna, the Emperour gave the Pope advantage and leasure to be first there, and afterward came himselfe. It is say they an ordinarie ceremonie at enter-parlies betweene such Princes, that the better man should ever come first to the place appointed yea before him in whose countrey the assembly is and they take it in this sence, tha t it is, because this complement should testifie, he is the better man, whom the meaner goeth to seeke, and that hee sueth unto him. Not onely each countrey, but every Citie, yea, and every vocation hath his owne particular decorum I have very carefully beene brought up in mine infancie, and have lived in verie good company, because I would not bee ignorant of the good maners of our countrey of France, and I am perswaded I might keepe a schoole of them. I love to follow them, but not so cowardly, as my life remaine thereby in subjection. They have some painfull formes in them, which if a man forget by discretion, and not by errour, hee shall no whit bee disgraced. I have often seene men proove unmanerly by too much maners, and importunate by over-much courtesie. The knowledge of entertainment is otherwise a profitable knowledge. It is, as grace and beautie are, the reconciler of the first accoastings of society and familiarity: and by consequence, it openeth the entrance to instruct us by the example of others, and to exploit and produce our example, if it have any instructing or communicable thing in it.

Term Paper Pts free essay sample

Present weakness and limitation : The smartened and tablet are well developed and being wide used in the world, however, there are still a lot of rooms for improvement. 1. Short battery life Most of the smoothness and tablets cannot run for an entire day without charging. With the big screens and rapid quad-core processors of smartened and tablet, they are always power hungry. (Mark Spontaneous,2014) Also, the batteries become thinner to shrink the size of modern tablets and smoothness which lead to short battery life. Nowadays, the smartened and tablet do what the computer does. They check the app updates, receiving notifications of new email, social network updates. Even the screens are Off , they are still running too. (Chris Hoffman,2013) 2. Execrable screen The screen of smartened and tablet are easy to appear scratch after using for few months because users finger nails scrape the screen . Also, they are easy to appear a big and conspicuous fissure if they had a hit. We will write a custom essay sample on Term Paper Pts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many people SE screen protectors on their smartened or tablet to avoid the scratch to appear. However, the screen protector will change the experience of using the touch screen which means that the screen protector is not a good way to solve the problem. ( Chris Hoffman,2014) 3. Low compatibility Smartened and Tablet is not user-friendly for typing because the character images on the keyboard of smartened are too small and compare to these small character, the finger is too big to touch the character so it is usual to yep inaccurately.

Reconstruction Document Based Question Essay Samples

Reconstruction Document Based Question Essay SamplesThe following are some examples of recovery document based question essay samples that you can use to help you with the preparation of your own essay. Even if you do not plan on using these samples, you should make a point of looking at the great variety of exercises which are on offer.There is such a thing as an 'examples' essay. It is quite popular for students to do, for example when they need to research or learn about something, and there is just so much information available that it can be difficult to know where to start, when you do not have a lot of experience or training. This is a great source of examples to go through before starting to write your own paper.The purpose of any essay is to make the reader look at a piece of information from a new perspective. The writer in this case will be presenting information that is widely available and used by many people. It is then up to the reader to work out how this information applies to the student's current subject, so it is important to keep the information as simple as possible. This is very helpful in helping the student to understand that the information which they have just learned is not the only solution to a problem, but there are other solutions that can be found.The second paragraph of the introduction can consist of a short quote from a newspaper article which gives the reader a flavour of the work to come. It is also useful to get the facts straight, as the information provided in the opening paragraph and introduction can now be used to start with, rather than having to look for the facts.For example, if the information has been covered in the newspaper, the search engines may also provide a link to a website which gives a summary of the information provided in the article. If the reader is interested in the information and has already seen it discussed in a newspaper, it is helpful to be able to provide them with links to the various websi tes that provide this information.After looking at the piece of information, the most basic idea in the essay is usually the number of words, sentence count and the total number of paragraphs. As you can see, the article has provided a great deal of information for the writer to use, but if the article is too general, it will make the writing more difficult.It can be helpful to go through the Reconstruction Document Based Question Essay samples available and pick out ones that you think will work well for you. Often these will contain sample essays, which you can use to help you to prepare your own.

King Lear Essays (1598 words) - Stock Characters, King Lear, Jester

King Lear In the play King Lear there are many characters and they all have their own roles. Some roles are more obvious than others. The one that catches my attention the most is the role of the Fool. In the dictionary the definition of a fool is someone who lacks sense or judgement. Does the Fool lack sense or judgement? Or is he the opposite and everyone just perceives him as a fool. These questions come down into one ultimate question, was the Fool a madman or a prophet. Personally I think that he was a prophet. The Fool knew every outcome of the King's decisions. Since the Fool was not taken seriously everyone just disregarded him. This leads me to believe that the Fool was not as foolish as people thought. Besides bringing "foolishness" to the play the Fool also brought irony. He was the smartest person in the play but was treated as the stupidest. How ironic is it that by the middle of the play the king was loosing his mind and the Fool was giving him advice. The ironic theme of the play makes the irony of the Fool more prevalent. His irony made the reader more inclined to understand and realize how far from foolish he really was. I think that the Fool also had the role of being the voice of reality in Lear's life. The King let the Fool say whatever he wanted because he was "crazy". This gave the Fool the opportunity to say what he wanted and no matter how crazy it sounded. The King didn't take his advice but he listened. The Fool gave the king what he needed, clarity and reason. He gave the King a new perspective on things, too bad it was a little late because the damage had been done, the King had lost his power. The Fool came into the play after the King divided up his kingdom. The placement of the Fool in the play is important. The Fool comes in after the King's daughters had already thought up their evil plan. Also the Fool leaves the play when the King is safe with Kent and Cordelia. This leads me to believe that the Fool is like a safety blanket for the King. He is there for him in his times of need but when he is not in trouble the Fool is not there. The Fool looks out for the King's best interest. The Fool thinks very highly of himself, even though no one else does. The comments he makes lead the reader to believe that he knows he is right. Even though I know he is right the characters in the play don't and treat him disrespectfully. In the Fool's first speech he says, "Have more than you should, speak less than you know and lend less than you need". This quote can be taken two ways. The Fool can be speaking about the King saying that he should have more because he doesn't have anything including his daughters and his kingdom. The King also should not be so trusting and not be so giving. If he was less trusting and giving then maybe he wouldn't have gotten taken advantage of. These to me are true about the King. This quote can also be directed toward the Fool. He has more than people think he should be, to them he speaks less than they know and he only gives a little. This is also true about the fool. Although the Fool is probably talking about the King and the mess that he made but he could also be directing the statement toward himself. The Fool has an insight that others don't see. One example of this is he knows that Goneril and Reagan are really evil people. He knows they lie and do not like them because of that. He says, "they'll have me whipped for speaking true". The Fool knows the extent of their meanness and also knows that the King does not see it. The Fool realizes that Goneril and Reagan will take over the whole kingdom and leave nothing left for the King. This makes them corrupt and the Fool lets them know that he does not like them. He tells Goneril to her face that he is better than she is for what she had planned. Of course him telling Goneril this means nothing because he is "Just the Fool." The Fool has many roles in this play. I

The Effect of the Black Death on English Higher Education Essay Example

The Effect of the Black Death on English Higher Education Essay Example The Effect of the Black Death on English Higher Education Essay The Effect of the Black Death on English Higher Education Essay Essay Topic: The Black Cat The Effect of the Black Death on English Higher Education, an article written by William J. Courtenay, takes a look into the quantitative and qualitative effects the plague had on English higher education.Courtenay, a history professor at Wisconsin University, has written several books on education in the 14th century, and is also Associate Chairman of the Classics Department, giving him credibility on the subject.By using several primary sources, such as registers from several schools, including that of Oxford, and other newly available sources, he is able to delve into a subject that even two decades ago was still very gray.With these new sources, Courtenay attempts to change the previous assumption that the plague greatly affected English higher education, and that the mortality rate within the educational establishments equaled that of the general population. The two questions Courtenay attempts to answer, whether there was a qualitative and/or quantitative decline in English e ducation as a result of the Black Plague, are both, even to this day, up to speculation.Courtenay begins by stating that up until a few decades ago, there had not been enough information to make an argument based on much fact.Work done, such as that of Anna Campbell, was mainly based on the statements of contemporary scholars, that the Black Plague had a major effect not only on the population, but every other facet of life, including education.Courtenay argues that though the Black Death most certainly affected educational establishments, the death rate of scholars was most likely not that high.He defends his argument by making a case study of a particular focus group, the theology department at Oxford.Using the newly computerized The Biographical Register of the University of Oxford, as well as other sources, Courtenay finds that the number of professors and students did not necessarily decline after the plague.He gives many reasons for

The professional accountant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The professional accountant - Essay Example At present, the company has eight major institutional investors that hold a large share in the company. It is noted that the company follows faithfully the Code of Governance in UK that provides balance representation of executive directors non executive directors in the Board. Non executive Directors are supposed to control and monitor performance of management to protect its shareholders. However, in doing so, conflicts in management arise. My Personal view is presented at end of the topic saying that the Code of Governance should have sanctions or penalties to strengthen compliance. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Section 1. Introduction 4 Corporate governance 4 Institutional investors 5 Section 2. Roles of financial investors in the financial system and in the business 5 Section 3. Major potential conflicts of interest that affect non-executive directors 6 How they are addressed by the corporate governance code. 6 Section 4. Comments on fulfillment of duties of non-executiv e directors 7 Bibliography 8 The Roles of Institutional Investors of ACM Shipping Group, Plc. 1. Background information. ACM Shipping Group Plc is a company incorporated in UK in 1982. Since then, it has grown to be one of the world’s leading international shipbrokers that provide full range of integrated ship brokering services for the global market. It is a publicly listed company and has complied with Rule 26 of AIM Rules. It has a reported profit of ?2.1 million as of half year of 2012. As per report, it pays a steady dividend of 3.15 pence per share ( ACM .Company Profile . 2012). Corporate governance. The company maintains three executives and three non-executive directors; a composition that the company believes is enough to accomplish its missions and objectives. As a company policy, it is imposing a series of Board changes as part of succession planning to ensure that the future of the management remains forceful. For example, in 2012, a movement and change of execut ive positions took place (ACM Financial.2012). The Board is in charge of setting up a strategic direction of the company and the monitoring of its performance against its plan. The Board also reviews and approves company proposals, formulates budget and decides on other major items on the operations of the company. An example of major policy decision is: In 2012 interim report, the Board said it continues to expand its brokerage business in new areas like Dubai and to continue with its present strategies of sale and purchase of assets. An important duty of the board is to maintain good relations with shareholders. This is done thru annual meetings where questions are discussed. Website information is also maintained as a way of establishing Communication to its shareholders. Institutional investors As defined, institutional investors are non-bank organization that pool large sums of money and invest them in securities, real property, or investment assets. (Investopedia n.d.) As such , they provide large capital to the company and become significant stakeholders. 2. Role of institutional investors in the financial system and in the business. The role of institutional investors in the financial system is to act as specialized investors in behalf of others. For example, ACM, As of December 12, 2012 has 8 institutional investors that hold more than 3% of its share capital. These are GFI Holdings Ltd, 7.3%; William Stanley Middleton, 6.3%; James Christopher Ducher Gundy, 6.3%; Michael Amyas

Principles of War, Clausewitz and Jomini Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principles of War, Clausewitz and Jomini - Essay Example It is worth noting that Clausewitz work very dialectically constructed; continuously, Clausewitz follows his declarations with sound arguments, which are intended to strengthen the principle being advanced (Clausewitz 1976). Clausewitz work presents warfare as an act of politics and emphasizes on the element of war as being more an economic, a psychological, and a political contest. Therefore, in terms of strategy, Clausewitz work and theories is more relevant compared to the theories by Jomini. Clausewitz works advances arguments mostly for the superiority of using defense. A clearer element of Clausewitz work is its exploration of the use of popular and partisan opinion. Therefore, the contrasting aspect of these two war theorists is that, for Jomini, his work was concerned more about maneuver, a war-fighting function widely used in the 19th century battlefields. On the other hand, Clausewitz work was in its outlook, strategic and mainly focused on the art of war. In short, the elements of Jomini’s work were offensive and maneuver kind of war, whereas the elements of Clausewitz work was characterized mostly by chance, violence, and reasons as the key elements. These theorists of war each emphasized certain warfare principles. We first look the principles advanced by Jomini. First, we must realize that the warfare principles advanced by Jomini, now referred to as Jominian principles were mostly designed for wars that were fought earlier under very different views about wars and circumstances. One of the principles of war that Jomini emphasized was the â€Å"line of operation.† According to him, this was an essential warfare principle, which he categorized as topographical barriers, i.e., natural lines of operation. He referred to this as the strategic choices and territorial lines, i.e., how and where to fight. He referred to this as â€Å"maneuver lines.† In addition, Jominian principles of warfare were mostly centered upon the key argument that an effective and successfully war had to adhere to strategy controlled by several consistent principles (Jomini 2008). These principles focused more on the massing of forces, the off ensive, and attacking an enemy force that is weaker at a very decisive point. In comparison to Clausewitz, Jomini looked at war in terms of clarity and simplicity. He viewed war in heroic and personal terms. Clausewitz considered warfare to be a complex, tragic affair that is always under the threat of escaping human control. Clausewitz viewed the war subject in a manner consistent with the eighteenth century Romanticism. The main principle of war that Clausewitz work advanced was that the art of decision-making and war defied the habit

Ikea Hotel: Business Environment and Position

Ikea Hotel: Business Environment and Position Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP): Causes and Treatment Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP): Causes and Treatment Xeroderma Pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive disease affecting about 1 in 250,000 people in Europe which greatly reduces the quality of life of its sufferer. XP patients have a much greater chance of developing skin neoplasms, internal organs neoplasms or even neurological disorder due to a defective Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) pathway. In this report, I found out that most experts in this field do believe that reactive oxygen species which can cause DNA lesions that can only be repaired by the NER pathway is the main cause of the neurological disorder in XP patients. However, modern technology can not yet prove this is the case. The treatments for XP are mainly preventive rather than interventionist. However, more new treatments have been proved to be effective in helping XP patients with the aid of modern technology. The bacterial enzyme T4 Endonuclease V has recently been put in use for treating XP and gene replacement therapy might be a possible treatment for the futu re. The aim of this article is to gain a general overview of Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), to understand the possible causes of neurological disorder in XP patients as well as the current and possible treatments for XP. To achieve my aim, I have first researched using various textbooks to understand DNA repair and damage. After that, I set my focus on Xeroderma Pigmentosum and used two online databases Medline and PubMed to look for review articles on XP in order to have a basic understanding of XP. I used two keywords Xeroderma Pigmentosum and Neoplasm to achieve the goal (Table 1). After having some basic knowledge of XP, I found that the neurodegeneration and the current treatments for XP are quite interesting so I decided to set my aim of these two topics. By searching for Xeroderma Pigmentosum and Neurodegeneration on Medline, I was able to look for some useful articles on my first aim (Table 2). I also searched for Xeroderma Pigmentosum and Gene Therapy for my second aim (Table 3). Cancer which can be considered as an uncontrolled growth and spread of cells is one of the top three causes of mortality in the world.(1) With the WHO predicting that it is going to be the top killer by 2010(2), it is vital for the public and medical professions to understand its aeitiology and pathogenesis in order to fight against it. Generally, the incidence of cancer is increased with aging as the chances of DNA mutation increases with age for lots of different reasons and we now understand that our DNA needs at least 5-6 mutations in order for cancer to develop(3). However, there are some other risk factors which might increase the susceptibility such as smoking, alcohol, radiation and so on. One of the most interesting factors is probably the cancer-prone DNA repair deficiency syndrome, for example Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Cockaynes Syndrome, Werner Syndrome. Patients with these syndromes are characterised by not being able to repair the DNA damage precedes the mutation and thus enhance the chances of getting cancer(4). The aim of this article is to discuss the genetic disorder Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP). To understand this disorder, we have to first look into the types of DNA damages, their causes and their specific repair mechanism. DNA damage Mutation happens for lots of different reasons. It can occur spontaneously or naturally, for example DNA strand looped out during replication, hence causes a deletion of base. The other main types of spontaneous mutation are Depurination (Fig.1) i.e. detachment of Adenosine or Guanine from its deoxyribose sugar due to the hydrolysis of water and deamination (Fig.2) i.e. oxidation of bases by an oxidising agent e.g. nitrous acid. Spontaneous mutation occurs at a rate varies between and 4ÃÆ'- per gene per generation.(5-7) Another type of mutations could be elicited by the exposure of organisms to substantial mutagens, like chemicals or radiation.(7) The focus of this report is mainly on radiation. Radiation is probably the most well-known type of mutagen and there are three different types of radiation, each of which has its specific effects. The first type is ionising radiation which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) e.g. H2O2, OHÂÂ · when passing through cells. These oxygen species oxidise DNA bases and thus causes base mispairing. The second type of radiation is the ultraviolet light. It has a wavelength ~ 260nm and is greatly absorbed by the bases. The absorbed energy causes the fusion of adjacent pyrimidine dimers on the same DNA strand and will mainly affect thymine (Fig.3). The results of this type of mutation are stoppage of DNA replication and transcription, which affects the normal function of cells significantly. Ionising radiation such as X-Rays can have a direct effect on DNA strand as well. It reacts directly with deoxyribose backbone and causes double-strand breaks in the DNA and may in turn completely stop DNA replication because of the significant d amage induced.(6-7) The Cell Cycle There are 4 main stages in the cell cycle, G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2 (Gap 2) and M (Mitosis) and the duration for each cell cycle is around 24 hours. As from the diagram, each stage has its particular functions. There are two important checkpoints between G1 and S phase and G2 and M phase and they are called G1-to-S checkpoint and G2-to-M checkpoint respectively. These checkpoints are important as they detect the existing DNA damage and generate signals for DNA repair. If the DNA damage is too severe and beyond repair, tumour suppressor like p53 will come into action. This prevents the mutated cell from dividing and developing into cancer cells and the cell either goes into apoptosis or senescence.(5, 7) DNA Repair As previously mentioned, each type of mutation has its own specific repair mechanism and this paper is to focus on nucleotide excision repair (NER) (Fig.5), which is the only relevant mechanism to XP. NER helps repairing pyrimidine dimers and bulky DNA adduct to bases. This repair system works by detecting distortion to the double helix shape of the polynucleotide strand such as thymine-thymine dimers. This distortion triggers a series of events to restore the stability of the DNA. Firstly, XPC is the protein responsible for recognising the distortions. Then XPA and XPD generate a bubble (Fig.5) a ring-like structure formed by unwinds of DNA double-strand around the damaged site. The bubble creates two cleavage sites for ERCC1-XPF (5side) and XPG (3side) to act on. The cleavage sites are exactly 24 nucleotides away from the lesion on the 5side and 5 nucleotides from the 3end. Finally, DNA helicase releases the fragment that has been cut out, and once again DNA polymerases and ligase fill in the gap and repair the lesion. It is important to understand this repair mechanism as several genetic disorders like Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Cockaynes syndrome and trichothiodystrophy are connected with defects in the nucleotide excision repair.(6-7, 12) Brief introduction of XP XP was first described by two dermatologists in Vienna, Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra and Moritz Kapozi in the year 1870. The term xeroderma denotes parchment skin while pigmentosum was added later to indicate and emphasize the characterised pigmentation abnormalities(14-15). At that time, no one knows exactly what causes XP and the link between XP and defective NER was established by Cleaver in 1968(14, 16). Researchers have identified that there are 8 complementation groups of XP and they are XP-A-G and XP variant group. XPA-G are known as the classical forms of XP while the XP-V which is not associated with a defective NER, constituting 20% of the cases of XP. Instead of having a defective NER pathway, XP-V patients have gene coded for a defective form of DNA polymerase, causing a thymine-thymine dimers bypass during replication. Each complementation group represents a mutated form of a specific gene, i.e. complementation group A means the patient has a mutated version of the XP-A ge ne, etc.(14, 17) Patients with XP have a high photosensitivity to UV radiation as their cells have a defective nucleotide excision repair pathway. As a result, those cells exposed to UV radiation will have a high mutation rate and causes a high occurrence of skin cancer as well as affecting ocular tissues. XP can also cause neurodegeneration or neurological diseases and it would be discussed later.(14-15) Prevalence of XP XP is a rare autosomal recessive disease, which means that the disease will only be developed in patients with two mutated form of XP genes, XP will not develop in patients with a normal and a mutated gene as the mutated gene is recessive and wouldnt be expressed but he/she would be a carrier of XP. XP has a dispersed worldwide distribution, varying from 1 in 40,000 in Japan and 1 in 250,000 in Europe and USA. Symptoms of XP can start as early as first exposure to sunlight but the average age of onset of symptoms is around 2 years. There is also a greater than 1000-fold increased risk of skin cancers development connected with XP and the average age of onset of the foremost skin cancer or neoplasm is 8 years, around 50 years earlier comparing with the public. The life spans of XP patients are reduced by around 30 years as many of them die of neoplasia. As mentioned before, NER also removes bulky DNA adduct to bases, such lesions are induced chemically by chemicals like alkylating age nt rather than UV radiation. This explains why XP patients also have a 10 to 20- fold higher risk of forming internal neoplasms below the age of 20.(7, 12, 14, 17) Neurodegeneration of XP It is quite easy and straight forward to understand why XP patients are prone to skin cancers and even internal organs neoplasms. However, there is one interesting clinical feature that is still unexplained and remains puzzling and this is the neurodegeneration of XP patients, which is affecting approximately 20% of the XP patients. Since UV radiation cannot penetrate through our skull, thymine-thymine dimers would not be the type of mutation occurring in the neurological tissues e.g. brain tissues, neurons and so on. Thus, damages in the neurological tissues are more likely to be caused by chemicals like alkylating agents, ROS which damages DNA by oxidising DNA bases or adding bulky adducts to it and are also repaired by the NER pathway(14, 19). The following section will discuss some of the symptoms as well as possible causes of this interesting feature. The first symptom of the XP neurological disorder is reduced tendon reflexes, possibly as a result of peripheral nervous system and ataxia degeneration. With the progression of the disease, the patient will also develop hearing loss and other motor anomalies and become wheelchair bound eventually. Dementia and progressive cognitive decline are also the possible outcomes of the XP neurological disorder.(19) There are several candidates for the causes of neurodegeneration in XP patients but there are yet to be a confirmation of the ultimate cause of those symptoms. ROS is a possible cause for neurodegeneration in XP patients. These species react with our DNA bases or deoxyribose sugar and generate some form of lesions which should be repaired by our NER pathway, for example, hydroxyl radical, a ROS which reacts with deoxyribose sugar and produces a lesion called cyclopurine-deoxynucleosides (Fig.7). This type of lesion can only be repaired by NER and will accumulate in our cells if not repaired.(19) Aldehydes and thymine glycol are some other possible reagents that might cause neurodegeneration in XP patients. Aldehydes react with DNA, forming a DNA lesion called Propano-deoxyguanosine lesion (PdG) which might block transcription by RNA polymerase. Thymine glycol causes oxidative damage to the DNA and produces Nonbulky oxidatively-induced lesion, which could be repaired by the NER pathway as well.(19-20) It is important to understand the fundamental cause of neurodegeneration in XP patients, by doing so; we can develop a possible treatment, not only for reducing the incidences of neurological disorder in XP patients, but for improving the patients quality of life as well. For example if H2O2 is the cause of the neurodegeneration, we can develop a pathway which reduces the level of H2O2 in patients body and reduces the level of H2O2 in their cells.(19) Diagnosis for XP XP can be diagnosed in different ways. Diagnosis can be made clinically by examining eye, skin and nervous system, a detailed family history could also aid in the diagnosis. As XP cells have a defective NER, a functional test for DNA repair on living cells may also be used for diagnosis. Nowadays, genetic testing of XPA and XPC genes is available clinically but the testing for the other genes is only available on a research basis.(21) Treatment for XP At the moment, there is no cure for XP. Primary care for XP is probably more important than secondary care in terms of prevention and regulation of the disease. Once the patient is diagnosed with XP, he/she should avoid exposure to sunlight and other mutagens like cigarette smoke or alcohol immediately. XP patients should also wear protective clothing like UV suits, sunglasses and gloves in order to get minimum exposure to UV radiation, reducing the chances of getting further DNA damage. UV radiation levels should also be measured routinely at in-door environment for safety reasons. XP patients should also consume sufficient vitamin D in their diet to compensate for the insufficient production of vitamin D by their body.(21) As the disease progresses, XP patients might develop small lesions in the skin which could be treated using liquid nitrogen or topical 5-fluorouracil. Skin cancers, neoplasms of the eyelids, conjunctiva and cornea developed could be removed surgically. In patients with multiple skin cancers, high-dose oral isotretinoin may be used to prevent the formation of new neoplasms. X-radiation therapy can also be used to treat cancer with close monitoring as most XP patients are not hypersensitive to therapeutic X-rays.(21) Gene replacement therapy, i.e. replacing the mutated gene by insertion of a normal set of gene might also be a possible treatment in the future but very few research groups are working on that(22). In 2001, a study showed that the insertion of the bacterial DNA repair enzyme T4 Endonuclease V (also known as denV T4 endonuclease, an enzyme which removes the glycosyl bond of the pyrimidine dimer(23)) in liposomes into XP patients can actually increases the rate of repair of UV induced lesion, lowering the chances of new skin neoplasms development and it is now one of the treatments of XP. (21, 24) A research on gene replacement therapy published in 2003 was supportive for the XP patients(25). The result was quite promising as the researchers successfully restore the DNA repair capacity of XP cells after the insertion of gene(25). Although the efficacy of the treatment is high, its reliability is relatively low and there are definitely some limitations in the study. Firstly, it was an in vitro experiment; results shown in test tube would not be necessarily the same as in mammals or humans. Secondly, the research only focused on the XP-C cells so it is still unsure whether gene replacement therapy would work on other XP genes. Thirdly, the research was only done on cells from 2 patients; a larger sample size, preferably samples from different ethnicity or a more comprehensive study is needed to confirm the effectiveness in clinical practice. The bacterial enzyme T4 Endonuclease V was proved to be a quite effective treatment for XP as mentioned previously. The study that I looked into was a randomised study and involves 30 patients, with 20 in the intervention group and 10 in the placebo group(24). Overall, the study is quite reliable as it was a randomised double-blind study which minimise the bias that might affect the final outcomes of the study. However, some issues do present in the trial and should be addressed for future research. Firstly, the sample size is relatively small; a larger sample size is needed to confirm the effectiveness of the bacterial enzyme. Secondly, the ratio of patients in the two study groups varies, which might affect the statistical outcome significantly, especially for a small-sized study. Conclusions, limitations and further study To conclude, with the progression of technology and more time and resources spent on XP, we have now got much more understanding of XP, comparing with the first discovery of the disease. However, we shouldnt be satisfied with it and stop here as there is still a long way to go to get a full understanding of this genetic disorder. From my research, I found out that majority of the researchers favour ROS as the underlying cause of the neurodegeneration in XP patients. Firstly, our nervous system has a high demand for oxygen and ROS produced during respiration could potentially accumulate in our nervous system, causing damages to our DNA. Secondly, ROS causes DNA lesion that might only be repaired by the NER pathway. Thirdly, ROS can generate lesions that could block the RNA transcription, contributing to the loss of proteins and eventually cell death(19). All of these evidences suggested that ROS are possible causes of the neurological disorder in XP. At the moment, the resources are not available to prove that it is the case and there might be some other DNA damages that cause neurodegeneration which have not been discovered yet. However, I am sure with all the hard-work, and the advancement of technology, this mystery would soon be solved. In my opinion, with the lack of treatment for XP at the moment, preventive measures would be the most important things. As a result, diagnosis of XP should be made as quickly as possible. Genetic screening for new born baby might be a method for early diagnosis of XP. However, XP is a rare genetic disorder which is not so cost-effective for genetic testing as it is still relatively costly to diagnose XP in a molecular level and we should probably look for a cheaper alternatives and an easier way for diagnosis of XP. As for the future treatment, as I have previously mentioned, understanding the underlying cause of neurodegeneration is important for reducing the incidences of neurological disorder in XP patients and would improve the patients quality of life. My opinion on gene replacement therapy is that it is viable as the technology is available but not practical yet. First of all, although our skins are quite easy to reach, we should bear in mind that the skin has got a large surface area and would be quite difficult to insert replacement genes into the majority of the skin cells. We have now developed a method of inserting genes by genetically modified retrovirus, which could deliver genes into our cells quite easily. However, the technology for this is still premature and it is quite hard to monitor the viruses and might generate side effects like escape of viruses to the nature, mutation of the viruses and so on. I think that the information on gene replacement therapy for XP patients is qu ite limited; a lot more need to be done to address this issue. Finally, I do believe that with the advance of technology and as our knowledge of gene therapy progresses, a cure for XP should soon be found.