Children And Adults Suffering From Obesity Education Essay

Over the past decennary there has been increasing concern over the turning figure of kids and grownups enduring from fleshiness, so much so that we now recognise this as an ‘obesity epidemic ‘ . In Australia entirely the pervasiveness of fleshiness has doubled since the early 1980 ‘s due to a pronounced lessening in engagement in physical activity and an addition in sedentary life styles full of activities which require small motive and motion ( Medical Journal of Australia, 2003 ) . Alongside the deficiency of physical activity kids and immature people are set abouting at that place has besides been a diminution in the degree of engagement Aussies have in ‘social establishments ‘ such as their household, church or community groups ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1994 ) . Over the past century, as households became busier they are passing less clip together and this has resulted in ‘increased demands on schools to carry through the societal and emotional demands of kids ‘ ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1994 ) . Schools have since needed to include more focused plans to suit for such acquisition to help in the growing and development of kids socially and emotionally ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1994 ) . There has been a push, countrywide for schools to follow more wellness and wellbeing plans to profit kids and immature people as healthy kids are seen to larn more efficaciously when take parting in physical activity and wellbeing acquisition ( Department of Health, Victoria, 2012 ) . If we as a state do n't leap on board these wellbeing enterprises the kids of today will turn to be sedentary grownups with enduring an addition in disease and unwellness and miss the resiliency to cover with negative experiences. At St Paul ‘s Ballarat ( name changed ) a school of about 300 kids, they have adopted both the Bluearth plan to account for the Movement and Physical Activity facet of the Victorian Essential Learning Standards and the P.A.T.H.S ( Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies ) plan to carry through the demand for kids ‘s societal and emotional development ( School Website, 2012 ) . These plans have been adopted at a whole school degree and are implemented on a hebdomadal footing to guarantee consistence. This study will compare and contrast the Bluearth and PATHS plan and its effectivity both by and large and at St Paul ‘s Primary School.RationaleBluearthBluearth is a national, non for net income administration which was founded in Australia in 2000 by Malcolm Freake who wanted to do a part to the overall wellness and well-being of the state by increasing kids ‘s engagement in physical activity ( Bluearth, 2009 ) . His squad of trained wellness professionals conceded that â€Å" the greatest long term benefit to any person ‘s wellness and well-being would be achieved through act uponing critical wonts and attitudes at a immature age † ( Bluearth, 2009 ) . Bluearth was created with the overarching finding to better the wellness of kids and ‘prevent disease [ caused by ] sedentary life ‘ through a plan which assimilates ‘body, head and spirit ‘ through shared engagement in physical activities ( Bluearth, 2009 ) . Where athletics lessons of the past were focussed on larning a peculiar game or accomplishment for illustration association football, Bluearth differs by concentrating on the whole kid by making ‘meaningful experiences which contribute to lifelong wonts ‘ ( Bluearth, 2009 ) . In an article published in the Surfcoast Times, Queensland following the execution of Bluearth plans in the province ‘s schools, Griffiths ( 2011 ) wrote that Bluearth ‘not merely learn kids the enjoyment of being physically active, it besides draws on their feelings, reactions and ideas that stem from their participationaˆÂ ¦and [ links ] cardinal developmental larning back into the schoolroom scenes and their lives ‘ . P.A.T.H.S ( Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies ) PATHS, a societal and emotional acquisition plan began in 1982 in America when a demand arose for a more active course of study which would authorise and promote kids, instructors and households from a school for the deaf to make their fullest potency. Kusche and Greenberg ( 1994 ) began the PATHS pilot undertaking with a little figure of kids in a Deaf school and their consequences were so delighting they altered the plan to be suited for usage with kids with particular demands and in mainstream instruction. The PATHS plan is geared towards pedagogues to ‘facilitate the development of self-denial, positive self-pride, emotional consciousness, and interpersonal job work outing accomplishments ‘ ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1994 ) . The PATHS plan focal points on the wellness cognition and publicity facet of Health and Physical activity from VELS by taking to increase kids ‘s self- control, self-esteem, ability to recognize and pass on feelings and increase their accomplishments in societal job work outing and conflict direction. The nature of the PATHS plan and the manner it is structured agencies it lends itself to being both a bar and intercession plan, harmonizing to Kusche and Greenberg ( 1994 ) its ‘dual maps add practical value to pedagogues since today ‘s schoolrooms by and large include a mixture of kids ‘ . In this study we will be mentioning to PATHS as an intercession theoretical account used in a mainstream school. While the Bluearth and PATHS plans began for wholly different grounds their topographic point now in primary school scenes serve the same intent: to back up the holistic development of kids socially and emotionally and to construct their apprehension of ego.StructureBoth the Bluearth and PATHS lesson construction impart itself to be easy implemented in a school scene. Both plans provide instructors with equal preparation by trained professionals with Bluearth traveling in 2005 toward attesting instructors as Bluearth teachers to guarantee the length of service of their plan remains ( Bluearth, 1994 ; Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1996 ) . Bluearth Sessionss are usually run for between 40-60minutes at least one time a hebdomad by a Bluearth Coach or trained Bluearth instructor and integrate a combination of activities taken from each of the six cardinal countries ; coordination and legerity, accomplishment activities, motion challenges and games, dynamic motion control, Parkour and nucleus motion ( The Bluearth Approach, 1996 ) . The manner that Bluearth is set up provides easiness of entree for instructors as every accomplishment, activity or game is already created and explained in item in the Bluearth enchiridion and online at wwww.bluearth.org.au which encourages instructors to go on with the attack as opposed to go forthing the lessons out wholly because they can non believe of an activity to play with the kids. The construction puts the burden back on the schoolroom instructor to be responsible for the creative activity of a series of interconnected activities every bit good as the overall engagement of their kids in physical activity. PATHS besides provide instructors with resources aplenty nevertheless theirs includes consecutive lesson programs which are scripted ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1996 ) . Again, the duty of implementing a lesson lies with the instructor but the creative activity of said lesson is already done for you. Can a written lesson written by person in another state over a decennary ago be good to the kids of today? The reply is both yes and no. The lessons provide first-class get downing points, prima inquiries and excess resources such as illustrations of feelings faces and narratives associating to each emotion taught so these can be utile tools for the instructor nevertheless the books for each lesson are rather drawn-out and follow the same stairss each clip which can go insistent and therefore uninteresting for kids. The strength nevertheless of this plan is that it provides a running sheet for when each emotion or behavior should be taught across the primary old ages so instructors can imp lement them when they see fit over the school twelvemonth in a manner that it is prosecuting of kids and with their ain personal touch. While at St Paul ‘s I had the chance to learn both Bluearth and PATHS lessons ; I had ne'er seen a PATHS lesson and had viewed merely half a twelve Bluearth lessons over the past twosome of old ages nevertheless the really nature of these plans makes making and learning a lesson seamless. By integrating several of the six elements of the Bluearth plan kids were taught about being attentive to self, concentrating on their ain actions every bit good as working in squads and collaborating. By mentioning to the Bluearth Approach enchiridion making the sequence of activities was non a boring undertaking. Similarly with the PATHS lesson, kids learnt about the feelings jitteriness and anxiousness every bit good as tense and composure. The written lesson did non impart itself to the integrative manner in which I teach so I took parts of it and related the feelings back to stories the kids had read that hebdomad which included the said feelings and to kids ‘s ain experiences. This opened up treatment about the emotions at a degree suited to the kids. The overall construction of these plans is effectual in busy schools where instructors may hold limited clip to make a sequence of interconnected lessons from abrasion nevertheless they besides lend themselves to personal pick which in bend means the lessons will be more closely related to where the kids are at. Likewise, these plans support the Victorian Early Old ages Learning and Development Framework which under result 3 assert that ‘children have a strong sense of wellbeing ‘ and that pupils working toward VELS degree 2 become strong in their societal, emotional, and religious well-being taking an increasing duty for their ain physical and emotional well-being gaining accomplishments which allow them to ‘identify the feelings and demands of others, deciding struggle, depicting what they like about themselves and others and prosecuting in moderate to vigorous activity ( VEYLDF, 2009 ) .Pedagogy and PhilosophyBluearth and PATHS both assert a holistic doctrine whi ch focusses on the whole kid and how they develop physically, socially and emotionally by supplying course of study which is easy integrated into all aspects of the acquisition experience and by learning accomplishments for life- non merely for now ( Bluearth, 2009 ; Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1996 ) . Bluearth adopts a Psycho-Social attack to learning and larning with the underlying belief that ‘lifelong picks to take part in wellness advancing physical activities are dependent on perceptual experiences of enjoyment, competency and satisfaction ‘ ( Bluearth Approach, 1996 ) . As such their lessons are based on the Self Determination Theory which asserts that societal environments such as schools have the ability to find the motive of kids and in turn support or counter consequence their positive development ( Bluearth Approach, 1996 ) . This incorporates three basic human demands Competence: kids are driven to be adept and attain certain accomplishments and are rewarded by their achievements Autonomy: kids want to be in control of their ain actions Relatedness: kids want to experience as they belong. Bluearth provides kids with skill attainment in single and group activities, they focus on ego and our demand to be in responsible for our ain actions and they include all kids and measure all attempts and personal accomplishments ( Bluearth Approach, 1996 ) . Bluearth adopts the psycho societal thoughts of Participation Motivation, that is a individual ‘s determination to ‘begin and keep engagement in physical activity ‘ with the purpose of enabling alteration in behaviors ‘toward lifelong forms of active life ‘ ( Bluearth, 1996 ) . Similarly, the intrinsic doctrine of the PATHS plan is to educate the whole kid and to enable the growing of kids ‘s ‘self-control, positive self-pride, emotional consciousness and interpersonal job work outing accomplishments ‘ ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1994 ) . The theoretical theoretical account behind the PATHS plan is, like Bluearth, about incorporating acquisition and as such they use the ABCD theoretical account of development looking at the Affective, Behavioural, Cognitive and Dynamic facets which shows itself through lessons about understanding your emotions, commanding behaviors, independent thought and duty toward work outing our ain jobs and increasing positive ego -esteem ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1994 ) . This theoretical theoretical account is apparent in the 5 conceptual spheres of their course of study being self-control, emotional apprehension, constructing self-pride, relationships and interpersonal job work outing accomplishments. Although the theory underpinning the creative activity of each of these plans varies the overarching values they wish to instil in the kids are the same- they are those of being cognizant of and in control of our actions, taking duty, increasing self-esteem and understanding our emotions and those of others. Each plan is built upon the cognition that these accomplishments are non stand-alone accomplishments used merely during a PATHS or Bluearth lesson but instead they are those which can be integrated across all acquisition and through all life experiences. They are constructing stable, emotionally and socially content and physically active people for the hereafter.Program EffectivenessAny plan has the ability to be implemented efficaciously but it requires the support and attempt of the people put to deathing it to guarantee that it is prosecuting across the whole community in which it is being taught and that it is being taken on board by all staff and pupils. Harmonizing to the Channing-Bete company which provides the PATHS plan, consequences from old clinical surveies has shown to cut down aggressive behavior, increase self-denial, addition pupils vocabulary for pass oning about their emotions, addition consequences on cognitive trials and better struggle declaration, cut down hapless behavior and increase academic battle in pupils in deaf schools, particular needs pupils and mainstream schools ( Channing-Bete 2012 ) . St Pauls has shown that both plans have the ability to impact pupils, instructors and their ability to learn and larn in a friendly, wholesome and socially inclusive mode. In each category there is a PATHS kid of the twenty-four hours who has particular privileges and undertakes extra occupations to assist the instructor doing them experience competent and needed, they are given complements on a return place complement sheet and they are supported in how to have and give complements- the kids viewed do this non merely at the designated clip but throughout the full school twenty-four hours, promoting and giving congratulations to their equals. Students are in melody with the alterations in emotions and behaviors of their equals and on a regular basis look into how the others are experiencing. Similarly in Bluearth Sessionss kids are attentive and are able to concentrate on centering themselves to concentrate on their ain motions and actions as persons and alongside others. ‘Bluearth provides an environment where kids [ are given ] the chance to understand themselves from a first individual position and from the feedback and input provided by others ‘ ( Smith Family, 2012 ) . If there are any negative facets of the Bluearth plan it is that kids are non taught how to accept loss and failure due to the deficiency of competitory games and activities. The kids at St Paul ‘s participated in Olympic races in squads and were seen to fight with the loss associated with some undertakings and although they were good athleticss the loss affected them more than one might hold thought it should. Across the full St Paul ‘s community kids are respectful, empathetic, and friendly and have a resiliency non seen of kids at other schools all because of the instructions of Bluearth and PATHS which interconnect seamlessly across their course of study to supply the accomplishments necessary to be positive people of the hereafter.

Orthodox Christianity Essay

For centuries, the two major Christian sects of Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholicism have been a center of comparison because of the resemblance in both religions’ beliefs and practices. But in my recent visit to the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Miami, I have discovered the stark contrasts to what popular notions hold. Particularly, what befell upon me was a revelation that Orthodox Catholicism differs from Roman Catholicism and other conventional Christian churches as far as relevant doctrines, laws, standards for morality, organizational leadership, church services, and religious ceremonies are concerned. While Orthodox Christianity is generally being compared as similar to Roman Catholicism, its basic and complex theologies both concur to and diverge from that of the Roman Catholic faith. Orthodox Christians generally regard their religious system as a direct continuance of Christ’s ministry; they believe that their very sect is part of a long continuing tradition, otherwise called the Holy Tradition, which started during the first century and remained pure and intact despite the drastic changes that occurred across the world over the centuries (Ware 7-8). Orthodox Christian belief likewise holds that the Bible is the life giving tome of the church because it contains and uncovers the will of God, reveals the relationship between God and the early Israelites, narrates the events that happened during the ministry of Jesus, as well as Christ’s foundation of the first church (Ware 194-196). Apart from the sacred readable contents of the Bible, Christian Orthodoxy also considers it as the sole living witness to the centuries old tradition the sect continues to practice. And with blessing from the early church leaders with guidance from the Holy Spirit, the books of the Bible were expressed as the apostles’ way of handing down the tradition from one generation to another. Christian Orthodoxy merits the Nicene Creed with the highest of regard and considers it as a basis of its beliefs (Ware 202). As such, in its belief in the nature of God, Orthodox Christianity employs a Trinitarian concept or one God with three different personas: The Father, The Son, and The Holy Spirit. The Orthodox doctrine furthers that God is an omnipotent being that constitutes no physical form, and is therefore a transcendent being (Ware 210-211). A Distinct Orthodox Catholic belief is in the concept that man is an image and likeness of God. This belief is stressed in extreme senses that Orthodox Christianity’s adherents consider humankind’s resemblance to God as a means of carrying the icon of God within the self (Benz 18). Because of the central idea that man is the image and likeness of God, Orthodox Catholicism’s notion of the original sin differs from most Christian traditions in such a way that the sin committed by Adam and Eve is not morally and spiritually inherited by humans. Instead, original sin is the separation from God’s grace and acquisition of physical and spiritual mortality (Benz 19). And humankind’s separation from God is an action out of free will, particularly when Adam and Eve chose to listen to the serpent’s word and their give in to their urge. Furthermore, Christian Orthodox belief suggests that the fall of man stained all of God’s creation with sin, and corruption while implying that Adam and Eve’s eviction from paradise is God’s way of avoiding man’s sin, wickedness, and corruption from lasting endlessly (Ware 218-219). The Orthodox Christians’ general concept of sin and corruption meanwhile is milder than any other Christian sect or any other religious system for that matter. Sin, as Orthodox Christian doctrine holds, encompasses a contamination, deformation, and infliction of damage on God’s image. However despite sin’s vile nature and humanity’s vulnerability to it, man remains as noble beings because of the simple fact that humans are created in the image of God (Benz 19). As much as the beliefs and practices have renewed my perspective of Orthodox Catholicism, the church service I became part of was a very overwhelming experience. I thought my religion was already rich in traditions and customs, but what I saw and experienced in the ceremony brought my knowledge of Orthodox Christianity to new heights as I have seen and distinguished the difference of the ceremony from conventional Christian sects. Before going to the church, I thought to myself that it is simply going to be a typical service in a Christian place of worship similar to the ones documented in Christian television networks. However, set my eyes on the church, the distinctive style of the structure surprised me as I have observed a slight difference in the church’s architecture. I expected the church to have a dome-shaped top which is a recognizable design of most Christian churches. Except for the cross on the tip of the church’s roof, the external appearance of the church resembles a mosque. The color scheme, the golden plates on the roof all appear to me as elements of Islamic design. As I entered the church, I have received a warm welcome from the church’s senior warden Gary Popovich. He mentioned that every part of the cathedral was a sanctuary for everyone, even to non-orthodox Christians. As Mr. Popovich gave me a mini tour of the church, the interiors further made me notice the distinction of Orthodox Church structures from that of most Roman Catholic structures. While both churches are known to have long, wide aisles leading to the altar, Cathedral of Christ the Savior’s hallway leading to the altar was a little compact despite the conventionality of its length. However, the lobby area of the church, or the narthex as it is properly called, was similar to lobbies of other churches in such a way that it has a board which posts announcements of the church’s activities for the week. Mr. Popovich however added that apart from the usual acknowledging of guests, the narthex is also significant in that tables are set up there during Easter to bless food that would be taken home by adherents after days of fasting and abstinence in the Lenten season. And in days of divine service and obligation, candles and offerings are sold in the narthex. As I was to be part of the Eastern Orthodox Communion for a day, Mr. Popovich toured me to the inner areas of the church. We then proceeded to the main area of the church, which, Mr. Popovich regarded as the nave. This area is where the people stay during divine services, and is thus considered sacred ground. Along the walls and the ceiling of the nave of the cathedral, I noticed numerous portraits of individuals considered holy by Orthodox Catholics including a large portrait of Christ in the ceiling. Mr. Popovich was about to give me a guided tour of what he calls an iconostasis or the room where all of the religious figures and paintings were placed, when he told me to be prepared because the service was about to start. So I proceeded to the nave to participate in the upcoming service. Although I did not clarify if there was any appropriate attire for adherents, I wore the conventional clothing reserved for church attendance. As the service started, everyone gathered in the nave of the cathedral. I first noticed that no one among the people in attendance was wearing casual clothing. The people around me had conservative clothing; the males wore formal attire with collared shirts and sleeves with cuffs. The females were all wearing mid-length and long skirts as well as blouses with sleeves. In addition, most of the women, though not all of them, sported head scarves during the service. Furthermore, apart from the clothing, I also noticed the cathedral’s segregation scheme. All the males were on the right hand side of the nave, while the females were on the right wing of the nave. While I was fascinated by the formality of the people in the church, I never asked them the relevance of wearing such clothing. I simply thought that the sanctity of their church together with the value they uphold for their tradition includes dressing well during services. Mr. Popovich informed me prior to the service that what I am going to be part of was the evening services otherwise the Vespers. I recall senior warden Popovich previously discussed that the Vespers begins at 9 in the evening, an hour which was actually based on the exact time of Christ’s death: 3:00 pm or the 9th hour in antiquated time. The service starts with the priest’s ceremonial blessing and continued with the usual beginnings, which, is basically a sequence of prayers that include the trisagion or the common hymn in almost every Orthodox liturgical service (Perry & Melling 190). The service then proceeded with the recital of the Lord’s Prayer before the actual scripture reading of psalms took place. The reader read about three psalms before reciting another short hymn called the troparion (Perry & Melling 37). Another hymn called the theotokion followed the troparion, the hymn was sung in honor of the mother of God. Particularly, the hymn honors the virgin mother of God for the incarnation of Christ through her. The singing of the hymn also coincided with the entrance of the clergy; the clergy coming from the Holy Doors signified that the creation of the world also marks man’s selection to live in paradise (Perry & Melling 295). As the service was progressing, I took a small window of time to look around and observe what was happening around me. In doing so, I noticed that most people get distracted at what they do knowing that an unfamiliar person is present to witness what they do, but I felt their utmost dedication to their obligations to God because my very presence did not even cause them to be distracted at what they do. Similarly, as much as it was a rare occasion for me to be part of their usual service, they must have felt that it was also a rare occasion to have an outsider among them, yet their dedication remained pure and untainted. A series of readings soon followed, after the clergy’s entrance, another series of hymns, the Phos Hilaron and the Prokeimenon marked a transition of the service to epistle reading. During the epistle reading, the adherents hear the words of God for enlightenment. For the first part, the reader read a passage from the Bible’s Old Testament. At the time, the reading was taken from the book of Elijah which announced what message God’s promised messiah would bring. After the reading of the scriptures, the Vespers was concluded by the Litany of Fervent Supplication and the final blessing of the presiding clergy. During the Litany of Fervent Supplication, the adherents pray that God may grant all Christians mercy. The litany is a responsorial prayer wherein the reader asks for mercy in every aspect and the people respond with the words â€Å"Grant it, O Lord. † After the final blessing has been given, the crowds of people are dismissed accordingly. Based on what I have seen in the liturgical service I attended, Orthodox Catholicism is a religion filled with tradition, symbolisms and customary ceremonies. But true service to God is not really measured by the traditions, the customs, and other rituals of sacrifice and praise; the true essence of serving God lies in a person’s obedient and relentless faith. Ultimately, the sacrifices and the customs do not matter if a person has little or weak faith. Works Cited Benz, Ernst. â€Å"The Eastern Orthodox Church: Its Thought and Life† New Jersey: Aldine Transaction, 2008 Parry, Ken & David Melling. â€Å"The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity† Malden, MA. : Blackwell Publishing, 1999. Ware, Timothy. â€Å"The Orthodox Church: New Edition†. New York: Penguin Books, 1997

State and Society in 20th Century China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

State and Society in 20th Century China - Essay Example Globalization of business can be define as multi-directional because globalization is at the same time leading to greater emphasis on nation identity and leading to greater cooperation between nations. Globalization is creating a situation where manager must able to work with people from different cultures, nations, regions and continents. As China's economy has attracted attention from all over the world, lots of international companies can be found in China (Rodriguez, 2007). Due to globalization, most of the firms are workforce diversity. To be deal smoothly in China, foreigner should have ability to perform to a great extent when dealing with the Chinese. Globalization became a buzz word in the 1990s because of its influence in creating a world in which geographic location became increasingly irrelevant. In essence globalization refers to the unrestricted flow of goods, capital, information, technology and people across national borders (Chow, 5). Globalization is, however, by no means a new phenomenon and China has been subjected to its effects for many centuries (Alford, 1999). In fact, the effects of globalization in China go "as far back as the Han dynasty (206BC-220AD) when trade took place between the Han Chinese and neighboring people in the North-west through the Silk Route" (Chow, 3). Despite this, in the Qing Dynasty and the early stages of the Chinese Communist Party's rule, right up until Deng Xiaoping's open door policy, China tried to close its doors and restrict the influence of globalization (Street, 2000 and Chow, 11). This was not the first time that China was forced to confront and implement a national strategy to either embrace or combat the effects of globalization. In fact, as recently as the 1990s, China was confronted by this conundrum, namely: whether to continue its global economic expansion in the face of the Asian financial crisis or to once again close it doors and retreat inwards to protect itself from the economic fallout of a struggling region (Fishman, 25 and Nolan, 31). However, by carefully weighing the advantages and disadvantages of economic openness the Chinese government decided to open up the Chinese economy even more, and eventually joined the World Trade Organization by implementing large economic reforms (Bijian, 2). There is no doubting that these economic reforms and China's embracement of globalization has brought stunning results. Since starting to open up and reform its economy in 1978, China "has averaged 9.4 percent annual GDP growth, one of the highest growth rates in the world" (Bijian, 3). One of the reasons for the huge leaps in growth has come from direct foreign investment that has been facilitated by China's admission to the WTO. For example, in the space of a few days in 2004, a North Korean Steel Company launched a $500 million steel project in the Dalian development zone; France's St Gobain invested $70 million in one of its presented glass production lines in China; Germany's Siemens inaugurated its 14th office in China for development of software; and Finland's Stora Enso invested $1.6 billion in a paper pulp project in Guandong Province (Hall et al, Press). Such results have seen China become the third largest trading country in the world and the

Marketing Plan for British American Tobacco Company (BAT) Essay

Marketing Plan for British American Tobacco Company (BAT) - Essay Example The report entails the marketing plan of BAT and considers the current marketing environment, situational analysis and marketing objectives that should be implemented in order the changes in consumer attitudes towards consumption of the traditional tobacco products such as cigarettes and cigars. The report will also outline the marketing mix strategy that BAT should implement in order to attain the marketing objectives. British American Tobacco (BAT) has market presence in more than 200 countries across the world but has received criticism due to its controversial products that have adverse health effects on the consumers. Some of the leading global brands include Lucky Strike, Benson & Hedges, Pall Mall, Dunhill, and Rothmans. BAT has a strong market presence in Britain and entire European market and its traditional products such as cigars, pipe tobacco and cigarettes are experiencing a decline in demand due to high consumer awareness of the adverse impacts of nicotine on their health. In response, BAT has started developing next-generation products that include the heat-not-burn devices and electronic cigarettes. BAT has implemented a new vision strategy that will enable the company to attain leadership of the global tobacco industry and enhance the shareholder value. Marketing is concerned with anticipating and meeting the changing consumer needs and preferences through offering new products, new uses of the product and added benefits to the products.

Introduction to Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Introduction to Nursing research - Essay Example The purpose of this study as explained by the authors was to assess whether self-monitoring of blood glucose was effective in treating the glycemic control of the patient and in helping them deal with the psychological effects of being newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. There were no specific research questions in this study but one could assume that the research questions were: Will patients who are newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes show improvement in glycemic control because of their self-management? Also, will immediate feedback insure compliance with medication requirements and determine patient attitude toward their disease? These questions can be inferred by the two-fold purpose of the study(O’Kane et al., 2008). The basic concept is that the researchers wanted to understand how self-monitoring effected the attitudes and the self-monitoring of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. The phenomena studied was type 2 diabetes in adult males, aged 70 or older (O’Kane et al., 2008). This was a quantitative study that used a â€Å"a randomised controlled trial† (O’Kane et al., 2008, para. 11) that used two groups. One group was asked to self-monitor their glucose concentrations regularly, ( the intervention group) and the second group was asked not to monitor their glucose concentrations (the control group). The patients were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and they were recruited from several diabetes services in several cities in Ireland. The age of the patients was 70 and above, and the study was done between 2002 and 2005. Some doctors referred specific participants. The exclusion criteria for the participants was patients that were in secondary stages of diabetes, those who used insulin or who were already self-monitoring, those who had major diseases within the last six months, those with chronic kidney or liver disease, and those who were abusing alcohol (O’Kane

Deontology and Utilitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deontology and Utilitarianism - Essay Example He is attentive at school, does his homework, participates in class, is cooperative and cheerful, but he doesn’t have many friends. Jake may not have an active social life which makes him unhappy, but he is practicing good deontology. On the other hand, Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its outcome or utility in providing happiness or pleasure (http://wapedia.mobi/en/Utilitarianism). In Utilitarianism, if it benefits the majority, then it is the right choice. For advocates of Utilitarianism, the end justifies the means (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequentialism). For this example, we will use Sheila, a classmate of Jake. Sheila is very pretty but does not perform as well as Jake academically. However, she has a lot of friends since she joins a lot of extra-curricular activities. Sheila allows most of her male friends to do things for her like homework and projects, which is mutually beneficial for both – with this, Sheila can be marked a bad deontologist but a good utilitarian. Now, applied to the office scenario, the basic premise should be that employees are expected to do their job in the workplace. A business enterprise will not succeed if personal agenda will take precedence over an employee’s duties and responsibilities. Personal matters can be done during breaks but not during business hours. Anything outside of this premise should be considered a breach of company policies and violator/s will have to be dealt with accordingly. The VP suggesting the installation of spyware and dislikes wasted productivity adheres to Deontological Ethics. Conversely, the VP who values privacy over productivity is a follower of Utilitarian Ethics. Although the respect for privacy is given more weight and is applicable to the majority, it does not necessarily mean that this choice is correct.

Comparative essay that focuses on two different genres from the Old

Comparative that focuses on two different genres from the Old Testament - Essay Example Several books of the Bible are entirely poetry—Lamentations, Song of Songs, and Psalms), and several books simply have some stanzas like in Luke. Song of Songs is a perfect illustration of Hebrew poetry. It was initially penned as a love verse to depict the bliss and huge delight of two individuals infatuated with each other. However, it has also been interpreted in certain Christian institutions as a portrayal of Jesus Christ’s adoration for the Church, and in certain Jewish institutions as a depiction of God’s love for Israel. On the other hand, the Wisdom books are Ecclesiastes, Proverbs, and Job. Every Wisdom text is poetry, yet not every poetic literature belongs to the Wisdom genre. Two forms of Wisdom prose are found in such books. One is reflective. This includes a description of life’s ambiguities and mysteries, such as in Ecclesiastes and Job. The second is proverbial prose, found in Proverbs. The axioms or proverbs are universal truths rooted in general observation and experience. These are guiding principles which are usually true generally. They are guiding principles, not assurances; principles, not pledges. For instance, although it is largely true that an individual who is indolent will suffer from hardships; some exemptions to that universal axiom could be seen or experienced in life. In addition, divinity usually leads to an individual having a long life, as several maxims explain, yet several exemptions to this have been experienced or seen. Much poetry was written in Canaan, Mesopotamia, and Egypt way prior to the emergence of the biblical book of poetry. The melodic poem, which is composed of poems in Psalms, resembles the wide-ranging melodic poem of Babylon, Sumer, and Egypt. The earliest Near Eastern texts originate from the first inhabitants of the Mesopotamian Valley, the Sumerians, whose literature is comprised of numerous psalms or songs of prayers and praise in poetry. The art of composing psalms in

Consumer Protection Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Consumer Protection - Research Proposal Example As a trainee solicitor with Wise and Wise solicitors, I am instructed by my supervisor, Margaret Andrews to interview the company's new client, Mr. Richard Williams and then report my findings back to her. Below is my report which contains two main sections. The first section deals with the items Mr. Williams purchased from Bobby's local garden center and his legal position. The second part, on the other hand, is likewise going to handle those items purchased by our client from Mr. Stanley Robinson. After interviewing our new client Mr. ... For him to carry out this task successfully, he needed some items he could only get from Bobby, his local garden center. At the garden center, he paid for the items by cheque. Among these items was a Venus de Milo Statue, which he decided to take home with him in his car. He arranged for the other items to be delivered later. Incidentally, it emerged later that the Venus de Milo Statue had been sold to another customer and Bobby needed ourBobby'st to take it better the store for a refund of the full price, on the other hand,y, this is not what our client had bargained for. The statue is one of the objects excluded from the laws of price fraud 2 because it does not have a standardized price (Howells & Wilhelmsson, 1997). An object lacking a standard price is referred to as an object of exclusion 3 (Boom & Loos, 2007). Thus to determine the right amount of refund involving an object of exclusion becomes a weighty obligation. But on the other hand, the law provides that society has an obligation to protect the consumer. There is a great assertion that the seller should not deceive the consumer either by concealing any imperfection or suppressing any relevant information about the item being sold (Sadeleer, 2006). In the case of Mr. Williams, there is no blemish in the item itself and thus virtually the consumer has no basis to claim that he has not received what he settled to purchase. Therefore it is my advice to our client that he stays put with the Statue as it is rightfully his (Howells & Wilhelmsson, 1997).

Video games and violnce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video games and violnce - Essay Example ing intensities of aggressiveness; the ‘Tetrisc’ that was non-aggressive, the ‘Shareware’ that was moderate and the ‘Sega Mega’ that was highly aggressive (Scott 123). The study then measured the aggressiveness before and after exposure. The author hypothesized that participants should present a linear increase in aggressiveness after exposure. However, from his study, he notes that there exists no straightforward correlation of the variable and claims that video games may lack influential effects as most scholars account. Indeed, the author observes that we should not generalize the negative effect of such exposures. He also notes that a critical factor to account for when accessing the influence of these games is individual differences (Scott 131). The author uses rational methods in developing an informative and a persuasive piece. Initially, the author’s thesis states that the video games exposure and aggressiveness should have a linear correlation. The author manages to examine his thesis effectively by measuring the group’s aggressiveness under varying backgrounds. Changes in the group aggressiveness would signify the effect of exposure on individuals (Ferguson 380). It is common knowledge that an increase in figures would support the author’s thesis. Tactically, when the figures fail to support study’s thesis, the author keenly notes that the games exposure lacks an obvious effect on observed violence. The study’s ground is acceptable since the study utilizes practical measures in examining the subject. Apparently, if video games effects on violence, then we expect to realize a significance difference on the group’s aggressiveness after exposure. The study employs reliable and persuasive evidence to prove its position. This is evident in the research’s idea of setting the group against games with varying aggressive intensities. As such, we expect to observe maximum aggressiveness when the group is exposed to highly violent video

Reflecting on Wisdom Essay Example for Free

Reflecting on Wisdom Essay The one individual that I consider to be very wise is Bishop T.D. Jakes. Even though, I have never met him face-to-face; words spoken by him has inspired mass congregations; as well as me. Opposing to common beliefs, wisdom is not the ability to be knowledgeable about everything, but to a certain extent holding an open mind to additionally enhance comprehensions A wise person considers anything they say before they speak and discuss about area of circumstances he/she knows about and asks questions about the ones he/she are not familiar with. Individuals who have wisdom are inclined to be modest instead of displaying show-offs mentality. A wise individual have a tendency not to be competitive and do not mind if others have the notion to accuse them of being wrong. People with wisdom also know that people will gain knowledge at their own rate and in their own time, therefore not staring down on someone just because they are not equally understood. Wise people have great insight and a gifted ability to articulate it without belittling or embarrassing others. My favorite characteristic of a wise person is their ability to look beyond what is obvious (especially in unfavorable circumstances) and focus on the subject at hand. It must be also being made aware of that wisdoms come from life encounters, mirror image and/or educational training. Bishop T.D. Jakes holds these characteristics traits as an individual of wisdom. Bishop Jakes uses illustrations from his personal experiences in life, in addition to the lives of others which is under his counseling; Bishop Jakes provides pointed guidance on how to shift from battle to triumph, from prey to conqueror. Motivating and revitalizing direct honesty, this is the ultimate source for those seeking to comprehend and care for the love ones in their lives. This lends a hand decoding individual’s often impenetrable conduct which offers one-on-one approaches for better understanding and therapeutic in a person’s affiliations. Books such as, He-Motions written by Bishop T.D.  Jakes h ave put into words precision and prospect to everyone; which help them strengthen their relationships with themselves, others, and with their Savior. It has also given females the explanations they try to find as they communicate to the men they be devoted to. It may seem unbelievable to some because of the fact; a book causing so many people to get nearer as one in relationships and closer to God. Wisdom is that attribute of spirituality by which creates the greatest potential outcome with the greatest potential measures; through ministry and spirituality. Wisdom and intellect-knowledge are not equivalent, yet are strongly associated. Knowledge is obtained by building up information, but wisdom is effects from the approaching of issues that are learned. Knowledge is the bits and pieces made known through which wisdom put together its formation. An individual not educated possibly will be wiser than the most knowledgeable intellectual in actuality time and again are! While speaking of Bishops wisdom, it stands for his capability to formulate flawless conclusions and to accomplish those conclusions by great measures. Bishop in his wisdom makes use of the unlimited knowledge so that he may accomplish his objective in a means which praises God the greatest. All that is done by him seems to be prepared with flawless wisdom. Bishop perceives every thing in its proper relation to everything else, and so He is able to work toward His predestined goals with flawless precision. These are the reason, Bishop T.D. Jakes is known by many as a man of wisdom. He has changed lives through his knowledge of the Bible. There is not any study of more importance or value than a study of the nature and attributes of spirituality. In the past few years, I have been drawn deeper into what is known as, â€Å"The Words of God†. This is the reason why attributes of spirituality is the area, in which I have developed most fully. At the same time, not anything in life worth having was ever gained overnight. Therefore, I feel much work is ahead for me; to fully develop in future years come. Neither knowledge nor wisdom is gained overnight; it is a continuous growth process for years to come.

Global Health Issue Analysis: HIV/AIDS

Global Health Issue Analysis: HIV/AIDS GLOBAL HEALTH ISSUES Global issue is a broad description that is often used to explain matters of great social concern that affect human populations locally and that are shared among diverse human societies within our global community. Global issues koncern us all and one at the heart of many valuable learning experiences. Issues such as environment al sustainability, health, peace building and human rights focus students attention and contemporary events and how they affect our lives at a local and global level. Many people argue that globalization has Server to bring the world closer together creating a more cooperative environment. The impact of new information and communication Technologies has changed the way people learn, work and live. From the suffering of the Second World War emerged a new international organization- the United Nations. The United Nations founding, In 1945, enabled its Member States and their peoples to work together to promote peace and cooperation, economic and social development, and a clear Visio codified by international law. In 1981, one of the leading causes of death in our time broke upon the world scene. The new ailment was named acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) and also Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). HIV means that you have tested positive for the virus and it does not become AIDS usually for ten years or until immune system problems appear. HIV/AIDS causes immense suffering to millions of people. UNAIDS (the joint United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS showed that HIV/AIDS has bee diagnosted in every continent on the globe, yeti t is distribution is far from even. One of the many consequences of the pandemic is that it has a major impact of life expentancy among the worlds poorer countries. The impact of AIDS on life expectancy is also felt beyond Africa, albeit somewhat less dramatically. Haitis life expectancy is currently almost six years less than it world heve been without AIDS, in Combodia it is currently four years lower. South Africa has also been affected, in Guana, for example, the probability of becoming HIV- positive between the ages of 15 and 50 is 19% or nearly 1 in 5. North America, for example, has 950.000 people living with HIV/AIDS and Western Europe 550.000 whilst in Australia and New Zealand 15.000 people (UNAIDS, 2002). In Africa, 28 million people are infected with HIV and 11 million African children are thought to heve been orphaned by AIDS (WHO, 2000). Kopelan and van Niekerk (2002) suggested that the scale of the HIV/AIDS epidmic in Africa is often explained away by pre-existing notions of a diseased, corrupt and backward continent and they argue, forcefully, for international support, albeit with reather than for African countries. Unfortunatelly biomedical and pharmaceutical responses have had a relatively small impact upon the pandemic. Attempts to devlop vaccines, for example, have had limited success and these endeavours have probably been hindered by the allocation of relatively Modest amounts of funding. Between US dollars 300-and US dollars 600-million a year have been spent on the development of HIV vaccines(UNAIDS, 2002). There has been more success in the development of antiretroviral drugs and these are prolonging thousands of ives in high- income countries(Babiker et al., 2002). However, these drugs continue to remain inaccessible to the majority of those infected by HIV. Since the people most affected by HIV/AIDS are often those with the least access to economic power or political influence it is, perhaps, hardly surprising that so many governments offer such a lukewarm response( de Wall,2002). In many of the poorer countries in which HIV/AIDS predominates, and where people with AIDS have little or no access to medical care or treatment, responsibility for the care of the dying ultimately falls on the poorest households (Ellison et al.,2001). In countries where governments do not take the initiative in responding to HIV/AIDS, and where the disease is often shrouded in stigma and denial, there is unlikely to be widespread popular presure for change. In this way, at an individual and a social level, the enormity of AIDS and the burden of copying tend to get hidden in the lives of ordinary familie( Palloni and Lee, 1992). UNAIDS Global Reference Group on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights (2004) ensuring rights based approach is: the global scalling up of the response to AIDS, particulary in relation HIV testing as a preveguisite to expanded access to treatment, must be grounded in sound public health practice and also respect protection, and fulfilment of human rights norms and standarts. The voluntariness of testing must remain at the heart of HIV policies and programmes, both to comply with human rights principles and to ensure sustained public health benefits. The following key factors, which are mutually reinforcing, should be addressed simultanously : Ensuring an ethical process for conducting the testing, including defining the purpose of the test and benefits to the individuals being tested and assurances of linages between the site where the test is conducted and relevant treatmant care and other services, in an environment that guarantees confidentiality of all medical inforamtion. Adressing the implications of a positive test results, including non discrimination and access to sustainable treatment and care for people who test positive. Reducing HIV/AIDS- related stigma and discrimination at all levels, notably within health care settings. Ensuring a supportive legal and policy framework within which the respons eis scaled up, including safeguarding the human rights of people seeking services. The HV/AIDS epidemic has deep historical roots. The epidemic have to be seen against this broad background. There are lessons to be learned, not Just about this disease, but about health, well-being and development as well.It is the first global epidemic of which we have been commonly conscious. Health and well-being are not individual concerns: they are global issues. There are opportunities for innovation and for more ‘goods but there is only a glimmer of hope . These are: Global intersectoral action through transnational co-operation and partnerships between public health and trade and finance sectors. Pro vide information about comparative health status and global determinants of health and well-being. Research programmes that concentrate on developing cost-effective technologies to improve the status of the poor. Recognition that management of health and well-being is a common human project and that the for-profit sector can only have limited incentives to meet those needs (Alonso, 2001). But there are many abstacles because we need to persuade people of the true cost of HIV/AIDS and business has a role to play, but the business of business is profit no welfare. Perhaps that is also an assumption that must be challenged. In the same way that HIV/AIDS is about more than health, so business has responsibilities beyond three complementary mechanisms: the market- distribution through competitive pricing, second one is the hierarchy- distribution through organisation process and the last one is values- distribution as a response to accepted ethical principles (Alonso, 2001). Through unprecedented global attention and intervention ef fors, the rate of new HIV infections has showed and prevalence rate have leveled off globally and in many regions. Despite the progress seen in some countries and regions, the total number of people living with HIV continues to rise (Barnett and Prins, 2006). In 2007, globally about 2 million people died of AIDS, 33 million were living with HIV and 2,7 million people where newly infected with the virus (WHO, 2008). The impact of HIV/AIDS on women and girls has been particulary devastating. Women and girls now comprise 50 percent of those aged 15 and older living with HIV but, the impact of HIV/AIDS on children and young people is a severe and growing problem. In 2007, 370,000 children underage 15 were infected with HIV and 270,000 died of AIDS and about 15 million children have lost one or both parents due to the disease (WHO, 2008). The sixth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) focuses on stopping and reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015. Global funding is increasing, but global need is growing even faster-widening the funding gap. Services and funding are disproportionately available in developed countries. HIV infections and AIDS deaths are unevenly distributed geographically and the nature of the epidemics very by region. Epidemics are abating in some coutries and burgeoning in others. More than 90 percent of people with HIV are living in the developing worl (UNICEF, 2007). The health care systems of most African countries, already inadequate. As the serious nature of the pandemic and it is effect on the developing world came into sharper focus in the 1990s, so did the incoherence of international policy. The nature of the crisis was given recognition in 1995 when the United Nations set up UNAIDS to co-ordinate global policy by bringing together under one heading six key international agencies: WHO, UNDP, UNICEF, UNEPA, UNESCO and the World Bank. The re-orientation of policy towards AIDS was proposed, more or less across the board, in the face of increasingly pessimistic forecasts of the effects, both short and long term of the pandemic on whole populations in Africa (Ellison et al.,2003). In Southern Africa insurance companies are gathering such information because they routinely test people before offering cover. These data are biased to those applying for policies and are often comercially sensitive and so they tend not to be publicly available. For companies wishing to estimate how the epidemic is going to affect their workforce, the advert of saliva and urine tests mean, surreys can be carried out more easily. This is a routine procedure to test blood donations and these data can provide a picture of what is going on in what should be a low- risk group. HIV data are also collected and constructed according to political, social and other biases (UNAIDS, 2000). HIV/AIDS is not the first global epidemic, and it wont be the last. It is the disease that is changing human history. HIV/AIDS shows up global inqualities. It is presence and impacts are left most profundly in poor countries and communities (Bernett and Whiteside, 2006). Public health system are undefunded; politically they attract few votes, and in parts of the world they are close to collapse. For the moment, there is only a mere itimation of any system of global public health. Social and economic conditions negate many gains made by any particular intervention. Health is not any about confronting individual diseases. Well-being, of which health is a part, is a reflection of general and economic conditions (Anderson and May, 1992). Economic impact means that families suffer major economic problems as productive adults become ill, including: loss of income as family members become sick and are unable to work, or have to give up work to care for the sick and limited income being consumed by expensive drugs and funerals. Countries suffer significiant economic impacts including: los of investment in education and the knowledge and skills of professionally trained people, reduced ability to produce food and high costs of treatment and demands on health system (Adler, 2001). Human and social impact means that peoples who lives are affected in many ways which include: a wide variety of physical health problems , social isolation due to stigma and misunderstanding of the spread of the disease (Barnett and Prins, 2006). The purpose of workplace policy on HIV/AIDS in South Africa (UNAIDS, 2008) is to provide clarity on TOTALs views and commitments with regard to HIV/AIDS and the comprehensive management of HIV positive employees and employees living with AIDS. TOTAL is fully committed to protect employees, create awarness, encourage behaviour changes where necessary as well as ensure that all employees are treated with the necessary dignity, fairness and equality (USAID, Global Partnership, 2004). Some major reasons for unnecessary deaths around the world are therefore due to human decisions and politics, not just natural outcomes. Well- intentioned companies, organizations and global action show that humanisty and compassion still exists, but tackling systematic problems is parramount for effective, Universal health care that all are entitled too. Addressing health problems goes Beyond just medical treatments and policies; it goes to the heart of social, economic and political policies that not only provide for healthier lives, but a more productive and meaningful one that can benefit other areas of society. Bibliography: De Wall, A. (2006) Aids and power. South Africa Barnett, T., Whiteside, A. (2006) Aids in the Twenty- First Century, Disease and Globalization. 2nd ed. Palgrave Macmillan. Hunter, S. (2003) Who cares? Aids in Africa. New York. Bond, G. C., et al. (1997) Aids in Africa and the Carribbean Ellison, G., et al. (2003) Learning from HIV and AIDS. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Barnett, T. and Parkhust, J.(2005) HIV/AIDS : sex, abstinence and behaviour change. Lancet Infections diseases. 5 (9), 2-5. Stillwagon, E. (2005) Aids and the ecology of powerty. Oxford: Oxford University Press. UNAIDS Global Epidemic Report (2000), accessed on 25/11/09, (http://www.unaids.org/). Centres for Disease control and prevention from: ( http://www.cdc.gov). Anderson, M. and May, R. (1992) Infections disease oh humans: Dynamics and control. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Adler, M.(2001) The ABC of AIDS. London. Farmer, P.,(1999) Infection and Inequalities: the modern plaques.California: University of California Press. Barnett, T. and Prins, G. (2006) HIV/AIDS and security: Fact, Fiction and Evidence. London. Caldwell, J.C., Caldwell, P. and Quiggin, P.(1989) The social context of AIDS in Sub- Saharan Africa. Population and Development Review. 15(2), 185-234. UNICEF (2000) The Progress of Nations. New York. World Health Organization (2000) The World Health Report 2000: Health Systems- Improving Performance. Geneva. Palloni, A. and Lee, Y. J.(1992) Some aspects of the social context oh HIV and it is effectson woman, children and familie. Population Bulletin of the United Nations. 33(2): 64-87. Garnett, G. et al. (2002) Antiretrovival therapy to treat and prezent HIV/AIDS in resource-poor settings. Nature Medicine.8(6): 651-654.

Analysis of The Ending of Jacobs Wake Essay -- Papers

Analysis of The Ending of Jacob's Wake The ending of a play can be one of purpose, one that leaves you with a sense of completion and fulfillment. In the play â€Å"Jacob’s Wake† the ending was, to say the least, odd. I didn’t really get a sense that the ending belonged to the play. The whole time during the play I was waiting for things to turn around in the family, then all of a sudden the ghost came into play. Though I wasn’t much of a fan of the whole play, I did think the ending could have been done a little better. I thought the ending was trying to portray how things were going to be turned around and that the family was going to work together. Having said this, I think the ending that the director said he was going to leave the play at would have been worse. If the play ended where Rose threw the glass at Winston, I would have left the play completely disappointed. Throughout the whole play, it was the same redundant story line where basically family members would argue. I wouldn’t have felt that I had seen the ending if nothing seemed to change. I felt that even though the ending seemed to just come out of the blue, that it did put things together. All of the brothers and the father pulled together to save the ship, which seemed to symbolize how they actually did care about each other, and wanted to change their way of life. I also felt that until the ending the Skipper never really had a meaningful part, yet the play was supposed to revolve around him. The ending, when the S kipper’s ghost appeared, made me feel for the first time in the play that he had an important part. It made me see that he was the head of the family and that he would guide the family. I thought that the ending finally put some meaning... ... see that the only character that was trying to make things better, Brad, was so tormented that he committed suicide. I didn’t leave the play with a sense hat I learned something from it. The play for me just seemed to carry on into this long path of unhappiness. I would have felt better if something, such as the death of Brad, would have changed the characters’ attitudes. Little seemed to make these characters see that they lived in a destructive household. I did not particularly like the ending, but I do think that it was maybe trying to portray what I was hoping to see. At least the ending did have a change of pace for the play, but I thought that it was just too out of place. I think an ending that was a little more defined or true to life would have suited the play better, and left the audience with a better outlook on the play or even life in general.

The Death of Ivan Ilyich: Spiritual Awakening Essay -- Tolstoy Death I

The Death of Ivan Ilyich: Spiritual Awakening He went to his study, lay down, and once again was left alone with it. Face to face with It, unable to do anything with It. Simply look at It and grow numb with horror" (Tolstoy, 97). Death takes on an insidious persona as it eats away at Ivan Ilyich, a man horrified at the prospect of losing his life. Even more horrifying is the realization that despite his prominence and prosperity as a Russian high court judge, Ilyich has done nothing to make his life worth saving. The Death of Ivan Ilyich begins at the end, with his associates receiving the news of his passing. Here, Tolstoy emphasizes the diffident attitude the living often have toward the dead and their unintended insensitivity to what they can't comprehend. His colleagues are more preoccupied with what kind of personnel changes his death causes and getting in a game of whist than the loss of this individual. Even his wife, while playing up her bereaved widow status, considers how she can profit from his passing. Aside from the realistic portrayal of his truly devastated son, those who survive the dead man seem to consider him an inconvenient corpse. The story then flashes back to develop Ivan Ilyich as a living man. At first, the indifferent attitude of his loved ones seemed justified, since he leads a rather empty, superficial life common to the late 1800's. It appears that if someone else died, his first thoughts would turn to whist as well. Propriety, not morality, dictates his actions and he relishes power and glory. He is a consummately impervious individual, impervious to conscience, empathy, and understanding. This does not make him an evil man. More i... ...back the family has. Both of them suffer from false expectation brought on by their commitment to propriety over conscience or morality. As Ilyich's condition worsens, he begins to notice the hypocrisy upon which he has based his life. At first, he sees those around him as perpetrators of a "great lie," insisting that he will get better and making light of his condition. Later, he comes to accept that in the past he has lied to himself, and forgives his family of all his petty grudges. His realization and spiritual awakening in the moments before his death ultimately draw the greatest audience sympathy. We feel his denial and fear, his unending physical pains and emotional misery, and are able to accept, as Ilyich does, the unalterable course of our lives. Tolstoy, Leo. The Death of Ivan Ilyich. Translated by Lynn Solotaroff. Bantam Books:New York, 1981.

Homeless Assistance :: essays research papers fc

a. Issue: Should the homeless assistance program in Sacramento be reformed to give more money to the homeless while allowing them to apply to the program more than once? b. Facts: Currently in Sacramento, the homeless can apply for homeless assistance only once in their lifetime except for certain extenuating situations. The current program is a success. The amount of people in the program living below the poverty line has fallen 21% in the last seven years. Since 2000, the amount of families applying for the program has dropped 69%. Experts claim the fall in numbers comes from the fact that people can't apply more than once. In 1996, the homeless were allowed to apply for assistance more than once in their lifetime, but this was changed as the experts thought there were too many abuses. Now the only time one can get assistance more than once is if the family finds itself homeless again because of domestic violence, the sudden inhabitability of their home, or certain physical or mental illnesses. While these exceptions are good and cover a good deal, they don't get most of the homeless. The program also comes with certain snags. One of these is that the rent o f the housing the assistance goes to must be less than 80% of the maximum amount CalWORKS gives for a family of the same size. The amount of money families have to pay after the assistance to keep the housing usually comes out to about 2/3 of the salary. With the rising housing prices, analysts predict that it is going to be increasingly harder for the homeless to get housing, first time or not. c. Arguments: This issue pretty much breaks down into two sides. Those who wish to change the system (the homeless and their advocates) versus those who defend the status quo (the government). The government's side is simple. This program is a success right now and many people are getting out of poverty. The state also recognizes that California is in a massive debt. Funding for the program, while possible, is not fiscally responsible. As for not allowing the homeless to apply for assistance multiple times, the government holds that there were too many abuses. I could not find any numbers as to how many abuses there have been. Apparently the number was rather high. In the government's eyes, this program is a success and doesn't need to be tampered with.

Digging by Seamus Heaney

Digging -by seamus Heaney The poet, Seamus Heaney uses simple words in his poem which is beautifully portrayed as well as easy to understand. The poem is basically about the poets respect and admiration of his father's and grandfather's hard work. The poem begins in the present tense form. The poet, Heaney, is in his room, writing while his father is digging. It can be assumed that the poet is near a window so that when he looks outside he can see his father digging. It is important to note that Heaney â€Å"looks down† at his father's â€Å"straining rump†.Literally his position at the window is elevated but we also get the sense that Heaney somehow feels superior to manual work and that he does not like this feeling. The next stanza takes us back to previous years before his father's retirement from farming: â€Å"Bends low, comes up twenty years away†. We move effortlessly and beautifully from the present day flowerbed to the previous years potato drills. The poet then begins to describe his father's skills. The paradoxical â€Å"coarse boot nestled† shows the physicality and hardwork of digging alongside the love his father has for it.Heaney uses a two line stanza beginning with the exclamatory â€Å"By God† to take us further back to his grandfather's digging skills. The exclamation and the conversational tone add a feeling of being with Heaney as he reminisces. Neatly Heaney has taken us back to his forefathers to show that working with the land has always been a tradition in the family. He has broken this chain by choosing to become a writer. The next stanza is a memory of visiting his grandfather as he cuts peat from the bog.The â€Å"bottle corked sloppily with paper† reflects Heaney's clumsiness in practical matters but also a different use of paper to the one he is really skilled at. This is a family proud of their achievements which are measured by a spade and the ability to handle one: â€Å"My grandfather could cut more turf in a day than any other man on Toner's bog†. The penultimate stanza reveals the difficulties created by Heaney's wish to write. The â€Å"curt cuts through living roots† are not only the sharp edge of the spade cutting through living turf.They are the sharp words spoken as Heaney cuts his ties with his family's traditional means of earning a living. And so we return to the beginning lines of the poem with the significant change from â€Å"as snug as a gun† to â€Å"I'll dig with it†. Heaney recognizes that his skill with a pen is comparable to that of his forefathers with a spade. He also realizes that he can continue the love for skilled work with the land through his writing. Just as his grandfather was â€Å"digging down and down for the good turf† so will Heaney dig down and down for the good stuff that makes his poetry so exquisite.

Media Reaction Paper – West Side Story

Media Reaction Paper: West Side Story West Side Story was one of the first musicals this writer saw on Broadway. It was such a mesmerizing experience to live the culmination of the hard work performed by a group of very talented individuals that stemmed from a single idea. It was not until research was done for this paper that this student realized what a great cultural impact West Side Story was when it was first introduced to audiences. The book for West Side Story was written by Arthur Laurents in 1949. An interesting fact about this legendary story is that it was not always named West Side Story. The original name given this tale, based on Romeo and Juliet, was â€Å"East Side Story. † It was written as a rivalry tale between a gang of Roman Catholic teenagers named The Jets, and a gang of Jewish teenagers named The Emeralds. Because this topic of rivalry between the Jewish and Roman Catholic communities was redundant in the industry at the time, the creative team composed of Arthur Laurents, Jerome Robbins and Leonard Bernstein, decided to put the project on hold. Thus, they ceased work on the idea for a period of almost five years (Miller, 2006). After five years the creative team reunited to work on other projects and decided to revisit East Side Story and give it a completely new twist and decided to set it in Harlem, New York City (Miller, 2006). West Side Story depicts the love between a Caucasian teenage boy from the West Side of New York City and a young Puerto Rican girl from the same neighborhood. The characters were all from a poor neighborhood and hung out on the streets together. There were two gangs that were in constant conflict with each other: The Jets and The Sharks. Tony, the main character, is a member of the Jets, a gang composed of Caucasian teenage boys. He is however, different from the rest of the members and wants to work and someday go on his own way. Maria is the sister of the leader of the Sharks, a gang composed of teenage Puerto Rican boys. Maria and Tony meet and instantly fall in love and have to deal with the turmoil of being from different cultural backgrounds and the difficulty of having their love accepted by each of their groups. The relationship causes conflict in the neighborhood that results in violence and ultimately Tony’s death. West Side Story was considered a breakthrough for the Puerto Rican community. Very little exposure about the Puerto Rican culture and their presence in New York City had been portrayed in any type of media up to the time the play’s debut on Broadway. Although Puerto Rican’s were depicted with stereotypes that were not necessarily true about their culture, the story delivers a message of change. It describes racism as dangerous and as an obstacle to love. To have developed such a controversial story during times when segregation still existed in the United States was very brave. What softened the diversified and strong topic was the fact that it was a musical with very vivid choreography and colors andan upbeat script full of humor. This factor made the story more acceptable to the American people. The media has its ways to persuade the masses. Within the past century, the media has played an important part in the cultural changes in America. Television, radio, theater and written works have broken through the racism barriers to expose the many faces of the American population. Everyone is different and their cultural background makes a special contribution to the community of the world. West Side Story is a good example of a media piece that addressed America’s cultural diversity in a time when most people had no idea how multicultural our country really was. References Miller, G. (Wintr-Summer 2003). Arthur Laurents chronology. American Drama, p. 1(9). Retrieved November 10, 2009, from General OneFile via Gale: http://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/ips/start. do? prodId=IPS

Deviant Behavior and Social Control Essay

Durkheim said, â€Å"We must not say that an action shocks the common conscience because it is criminal, but rather that it is criminal because it shocks the common conscience. † The strain theory by Robert K. Merton suggests that American are geared toward deviance because of a lack of legitimate options to attain the monetary goal that Americans emphasize (Tischler, p. 146). Travis Hirschi posed the control theory which focuses on the importance of the people around you to mold you into a regular lifestyle. He said that there are four main points to why someone will become deviant or not: attachment to others, commitment to conformity, involvement in conventional activities, belief in the moral validity of social rules. If someone displays these four points than they will probably be a functioning member of society. Sociologists suggest the techniques of neutralization, which are ways we will justify the deviant act to ourselves so that we are able to complete it. The five techniques are denial of responsibility, denying the injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of the authorities, and appealing to higher principles of authorities. Lastly, there is the labeling theory which states that individuals will commit secondary deviant acts after the fact that they have already been deemed a deviant by society. A flaw in this theory is that it does not give reason for why the original deviant act was committed. Every theory previously posed does have legitimate facts behind why it could be the cause for deviant behavior, but no single one is completely correct. Although the mesomorphic body type may be deemed as a more aggressive person, this would not be the only reason why the person was deviant, so the biological theory cannot stand alone. The psychological theories have a lot of mental disease that makes them more prone to deviant activity, but it is also proven that these traits are overcome by a good social environment and in some cases the proper medication. Just like the psychological theories, the sociological theories are proven that the environment that one is raised or lives in is a highly important factor, but it is possible for someone in a good environment to be deviant and vice versa. 2. What types of crime exist in the Unite States? There are four main categories of crime in the United States and these crimes range from rape to robbery to embezzlement to public drunkenness. The first category of crime is violent crime which consists of acts such as murder and assault. These crimes usually come with the longest prison sentences, and the good news is that these types of crime have been on the decline over the past few years. Next we have property crime which consists of three quarters of the crime in the United States. Car theft and burglary are examples of property crimes. According to the FBI, a white-collar crime is â€Å"characterized by deceit, concealment, or a violation of trust. † Bernie Madoff, the Enron corporation, and ponzi schemes are what we consider to be white-collar crimes. Finally, we have what are called victimless crimes. These are crimes that break what is considered law, but have no direct victim. Prostitution, drug use, and DUI are all what can be considered victimless. They use the term â€Å"victimless† but the argument can be made that the victim is the person committing the crime because their actions usually harm themselves. 3. What parts of the court and prison system are effective, and what parts are ineffective? Only two out of the four major goals of prison are effective. The first of which is to separate criminals from society, is accomplished by the physical act of taking criminals off the street and putting them behind fences that are twenty feet high with barbed wire, towers with armed guards, and impenetrable buildings of brick and mortar. This is honestly the only thing that our courts succeed in doing, but when you separate them from society, you put them with fellow criminals who have new crimes to teach. The second goal that can be considered effective is that prison is a legitimate punishment for criminal behavior. For me, being in prison is a mental and physical hell because it causes you to be broken down while in a small cell with a bar door and no window and no means of escape. For others it may not be like this though, because as mentioned before in the theories of deviance, a criminal may have psychological problems where they are unable to conform and prison makes them conform so they begin to enjoy what they are unable to have on the outside. Also, most criminals peers are other criminals, so while incarcerated they do not feel completely separated from their usual world. The other two primary goals of the prison systems can be considered highly ineffective. Deterring criminal behavior is the third goal of prisons and as the statistics show, this is not commonly achieved. If prison were a good deterrent than we would not have the crime rate that we have today. If the reward of the crime is greater than what the punishment will be, a crime will be committed. The last goal of the prisons is to rehabilitate. The facts are concrete when showing that prison and the programs within have minimal success rates. My personal observations over the past two weeks concur with the facts. I would estimate that close to ninety percent of the inmates who are in here for drug and alcohol related offenses talk about getting high or drunk on the day they are released, and with fellow inmates. The inmates who are guilty of burglary or robbery and other related offenses admit that they don’t know any other way of life, and that they will continue their criminal ways when released. There will never be a perfect society in which there is no deviant behavior. There is, however, ways in which we can continue to develop a better understanding of what causes the deviant behavior and ways in which we can prevent it. The prison system is continually developing new trial programs to help addicts and alcoholics, along with incorporating programs for criminals to get started on a career path instead of a criminal path. I do not believe that these will ever be one definite answer to why one becomes deviant, but let’s hope that as future progresses the rate at which deviance occurs decreases.

Different Ways of Learning Languages Essay

Being able to speak more than one language I think it’s a gift from God that not every person is blessed with. Having this gift makes me fell very special because I can travel, communicate, and understand others’ people language and culture. At a very young age I started learning French, German and Italian besides my native language, Romanian. Learning a language to me in learning how to ride a bicycle, once you get it going it’s hard to stop. I learned them the natural way without trying or putting to much effort. To me, learning English it was much easier than the other languages I have studied. When I came to America I didn’t speak English at all and I thought that it would take a long time before I learn anything. To be successful learning a new language you must want to learn it, because if you don’t and not interested in you’ll never get it. At the very early stages of learning a language I think going by the book it is not a very good idea. At the beginning you need as much practice as you can get. In my case television played a major role in learning English. Watching TV and trying to understand the conversation helped me improve my vocabulary and pronunciation at the same time. Reading magazines and articles in the newspapers is another way to approach a new language. This way you learn the spelling of words and can look up in the dictionaries for words that couldn’t be understood. Another thing that helped me was being surrounded by people that only spoke English. Having almost no contact with people that spoke Romanian, forced me learn faster than some people. Communicating with others helps also. Making mistakes and having other people correct you helps and improves your skills. The best way to learn is learning from mistakes. Some people are afraid and embarrassed of speaking in front of others. This only holds them back and keeps them away from learning because there is nobody to correct them if necessary. When you want to get deeper into a language you must concentrate on grammar and vocabulary. This is the key of being successful as well as thinking in the target language. Translating from one language to another is a waste of time because you’ll never be good enough. Learning languages it has always been fun for me. I never looked at it as a must but more as a hobby. Learning a new language, to me, is like discovering a new side of me that has been kept in dark for to long and waited to be taken out.

Introduction of Information system in Organisation Essay

Introduction of Information system in Organisation - Essay Example Nowadays, high level of competition and other environmental impacts can be observed in fast food restaurant business all over the world and Nigeria is not an exception. For fast food organisations, it is apparent that there is an increasing focus on accomplishing better customer satisfaction and also to augment the organisational value. Several fast food organisations have now realised the significance of customer focused and customer based business services (Iwarere & Fakokunde, 2011). Due to rising demands and expectations of customers and enhanced competition from several multinationals, maintaining strong performances has become a challenging task for TFC. In years ahead, TFC will strive to improve the operational efficiencies as one of the main concerns of business. TFC seeks to develop in the areas of improved service delivery and enhance customer services (De Tastee Fried Chicken Limited, 2010). In this context, it can be stated that Information Systems (IS) can provide opport unities for TFC to enhance efficiency and improve the operational competency in the long run. Implementation of Mobile Point of Sale (POS) can provide an invaluable opportunity for TFC to enhance its overall performance. This essay describes about development of a new information system in TFC. The objective of the essay is to highlight different technical aspects which must be considered and the procedure for developing new information system i.e. mobile POS. Like other fast food organisations, TFC also uses the fixed POS system. Although fixed POS system is effective but mobile POS system in TFC can help to keep up with the increasing competition in fast food segment. The principal business of the organisation is to provide fast food services to the customers (Goodlife, 2012). Customers are the key stakeholders of TFC. Any kind of changes in business operations due to implementation of new information system can

Domestic Violence in New York City Research Paper

Domestic Violence in New York City - Research Paper Example Though the United States of America is a developed country where women’s freedom and equality is highly valued, the problem is rampant in this nation also. While the problem is highly significant as a social and legal issue, more important is its impact on the society as a challenging public health issue of far reaching consequences. The gravity of the problem can be understood from the fact that during 2005, â€Å"1,181 women† have been killed by an â€Å"intimate partner† and that females sustain â€Å"two million injuries from intimate partner violence each year† (The Facts on Domestic, Dating and Sexual Violence, 2009, p.1). Apart from the women who suffer due to the direct consequences of domestic violence, the children and other family members are also affected by domestic violence. However, most importantly, this menace is a serious public health problem which can have significant impacts on the community. The relevance of domestic violence as a maj or public health issue can be evidenced from the fact that females who become victims of this menace are â€Å"80 percent more likely† to suffer from a stroke and â€Å"70 percent more likely† to develop heart diseases (p.2). In addition, evidence also suggests that such women are more prone to diseases like asthma besides the possibility to â€Å"drink heavily† (p.2). In this context, it needs to be appreciated that healthcare costs can have a damaging effect not only on the family budget but also on community funding because when the government has to spend heavily on free medical services to those affected by domestic violence, the resources to be spent on developmental activities will be reduced. This becomes evident from the fact that New York State alone has spent â€Å"$227 million in 2005† on domestic violence, which could otherwise have been spent on developmental activities for the state (City Spending on Domestic Violence: A Review, 2007, p.1). In the specific context of the New York community, it transpires that as of 2005, nearly â€Å"13 percent of all murders† in this city are attributed to domestic violence and the total number of reported incidents comes to â€Å"226,000† (p.2). As stated before, the state spends a hefty sum on combating the problem and the expense primarily goes to â€Å"emergency social services† to females who fall victim to the menace, cost of law enforcement, preventive measures as well as other long term services (p.2). Healthcare is the most basic of the emergency social services provided to victims of domestic violence and community nurses have a key role to play in this effort. The service also needs to focus on preventing the recurrence of the incidence of domestic violence as well as â€Å"programs that assist victims† (p.2). Again, community health nurses have a significant role as a conduit between the healthcare systems and the victims or their families. Als o they can play a pivotal role in creating awareness about the problem within the community. Identifying potential families and providing counseling to them by the public healthcare nurses can go a long way in preventing recurrences. From the evidence emerging from various published materials, it transpires that domestic violence is a major public healthcare issue in the United States in general and New York State in particular. The problem not only costs heavy expenditure on an individual or family level but also places a hefty onus on the state as a result of which funding on developmental

Research paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research paper - Case Study Example The use of drugs is a major problem in the world of sport. Many athletes have been found out using performance enhancement drugs in order to compete or win in their designated sport or area. Hence, â€Å"in today’s competitive sports market, players want to hit more home runs, score more touchdowns, or jump higher than their competitors because their performance will most likely be directly tied to their next playing contract or endorsement deal.† (Pampel, 2007) Drug abuse and performance enhancement drugs (PEDs) is considered as one of the most disputed argument in the world of sport. Therefore, doping is considered as a disruptive behavior from an individual. Also, it is a very secretive behavior. However, it is a very common action that the athletes deny the use of drugs and dopes. For instance, there were many cyclists in the Tour De France of 1998, who had actually doped themselves in order to have an edge over their competitors but they refused this claim when the officials found out. The cyclists had to undergo various tests and many of them were caught using drugs. Basically, drugs in sport are cheating and the combination of drugs and sport do not mix well too. Athletes use drugs in order to have an edge against their competitors and improve and make their performance better which is cheating. This act would not make them better or tell them if they are, to some extent, better than their competitors. â€Å"The use of substances to improve performance in sport has been recorded from as early as the third century B.C. – Greek physician Galen used medicinal preparations to treat disease and illness, and noted that many Olympic athletes at the time used stimulants and diet modification methods to enhance their performance.† (White W and Laura S, 1991) The two controversial debatable points which leads to the conclusion that why performance enhancement drugs (PEDs) and doping should be banned in competitive sports are, firstly, t he factor of fair play from any game and competition is eliminated when an individual is used to take such pills and medication. It helps an individual to improve physical performance and abilities which is contrary to one of the most important aspect of sport which is fair play. â€Å"Athletic competitions, it is argued, are designed to demonstrate the best performer on a level playing-field reflecting natural capacities. It is, therefore, unfair if a particular resource, such as performance enhancing drugs, is available to some competitors but not others† (Sabini & Monterosso, 2005). The second argument to this topic is the disadvantages of such drugs and medication. It is concerning that these pills are damaging and injurious to athlete’s health. As there are various types of drugs which individuals use to enhance their performance include drugs such as anabolic steroids, erythropoietin (EPOs), and human growth hormones (HGOs). All of these have different and harmfu l side effects which could affect the athletes in their future. Cardiovascular and mental health problems, depression and higher risk of heart attack, hypertension, cardiac disease, and overgrow hands, feet, or head. The use of performance enhancement medication allows athletes to perform better than the other. If this is made legal then any sports will not be an even playing field and no

Communication with the media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication with the media - Assignment Example Anticipatory contact helps to defend an organization from negative publicity (Pedersen, Miloch, & Laucella, 2007). During the interview and anticipatory contact, the sports manager should first review the positive side of the player. For example, the manager may analyze the awards and trophies that the player has helped the team to win. The manager should then go ahead and point out the positive personality of that player before mentioning the mistake that the player made. However, the sports manager should maintain a positive attitude towards the player even when mentioning the mistake (Stoldt, Dittmore, & Branvold, 2006). For example, he may argue that the player is trying his best to change the behavior with the help of others. At the end of the session, the manager should once again point out the good side of the player and what he has helped the team to achieve. In the case of the three new players, the sports manager should release this information using a press release, media guides, and fact sheets. Media guides and fact sheets contain all the relevant information about an organization that may be given out to the media (L’Etang, 2013). The press release, on the other hand, is a short article containing two to five statements about a certain event. In this case, the press release of the team will inform the public about the names of the new players and the reason for hiring them to work for the team. When releasing the press release, that is when the sports manager may give out fact sheets and media kits to media persons who attend the event and are interested in knowing more about the team (Stoldt, Dittmore, & Branvold, 2006). In the third case about superstar players who have achieved notable goals, the organization should use conferences and interviews. A conference is an event where the whole team attends an interview with the aim of relaying certain information to the public

Classic airline and marketing solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Classic airline and marketing solution - Essay Example Moreover the management is not able to come to a consensus to resolve the problems. In order to overcome the hazards, this company needs to figure out strategies and plans. Identifying challenges The first step in order to resolve issues is to identify the challenges. One of the main problems faced by this airline is reduction in airline stocks. There is lack of unity among the employees and this has lead to low morale. One of the main problems is that the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Executive Officer of this airline focuses less on marketing and at the same time wants more consumers to use this airlines. Around 20% of the members have stopped using the Classic Reward Frequent Flyer Program. This program is one such programme which recognises the efforts of frequent flyers by allowing them to redeem free tickets on miles. However one of the alarming statistics is that the average number of flights per member has declined to more than 20%. This translates to the fact that Classic Airlines is slowing losing its loyal customers. One of the major challenges which is being faced by all departments is that this company is 15% reduction in costs over the next 18 months. Perspectives of stakeholders and ethical dilemmas The major problems which Classic Airlines is facing are dissatisfied customers, low moral and unity among workers and competition from rival airlines. In order to get this organization back to track urgent strategic decisions need to be formulated with special attention to efficiency, innovation, efficacy and customer service. Classic Airlines expects to provide better quality services at the same airfare and this means that the marketing department needs to extensively and aggressively market the product to attract more customers. Framing the problem Classic airlines must focus on all aspects to ensure that they have better growth and profitability. To achieve this, the organization must be able to forecast market potential and future demand. This can be attained by focusing on long – term marketing goals which can help to reduce challenges. Classic airline must employ internal marketing strategies so that the internal customers are satisfied and work together as a team. Inte rnal marketing suggests that in order to be successful an organization must also emphasise on its internal customers or employees. Service organisations must ensure that the employees have the skill, attitude and commitment needed to meet up with growing customer demands and also sustain loyal customers. In internal marketing employee development is done through training, communication, recruitment, management, coaching and leadership. The company must understand the four elements of services; namely inconsistency, intangibility, inseparability and inventory. These are also known as the four I’s of the services. When discussing the marketing mix of the services the four P’s are important. In order to pursue major marketing goals in the target market, the marketing mix which consists of product, price, promotion and place must be used. The Classic Airlines should offer its customers, competitive prices, invest more on promoting products, improve the quality of the produ cts, enhance the CRM system, and implement new and innovating marketing plans and strategies. The above